Topic 1A/B/C Flashcards
(3 cards)
What factors increase the risk of cardio vascular disease in the following?
Lifestyle factors
Factors beyond control
Lifestyle factors-
Diet
If high in saturated fat, this increases blood cholesterol level, which increases atheroma formation.
Exercise
If there is a lack of exercise, the individual is likely to be at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease because they will have a higher blood pressure
Smoking
Carbon Monoxide is a competitive inhibitor to oxygen in the heme-iron binding sites of haemoglobin, so less oxygen will be going to the muscles through the blood if the individual smokes. A lack of oxyegn can mean an inadequate amount of respiration to produce ATP, so anaerobic respiration occurs producing lactace which produces lactic acid which liowers pH which can denaturew the ezymes involved in contracion and functioning and can lead to heart attacks/strokes. Nicotine makes platelets sticky, which in turn makes blood clots more likely to form. Smoking also decreases the amount of antioxidants present in the blood, which are key components in cell protection and maintainence. This means that cells arent maintained as well, such as endothelium cells in the artery, much make atheromas more likely to form.
High blood pressure
What affect risk perception?
Over estimation
Under setimation
People may over estimate the risk of having a disease after knowing someone having the disease. They may also be overly worried after being exposued to news sources discussing CVD
People may underestimate simply due to the lack of education, where they may be un aware of risk factors.
What are the different types of antihypertensives?
Antihypertensives reduce blood pressure in a few ways. There are beta blockers which reduce the strength of the heart beat, there are vasodilators which dilate vessels to the blood isn’t flowing at such a high pressure, and there are diuretics which take water out of the blood which reduces the overall volume of blood> this is great because they all wrok in different ways, so they can be given in combinatgion with eachother to best suit individual patients. They can also be monitored at home, so the petient can see if the drugs are working. However, risks include irregular heart beats and heart palpitations, fainting and nausea
