Topic 2

Question 1

Define ion

Answer 1

An ion is a charged particle produced by the loss or gain of electrons

Question 2

Define ionic bond

Answer 2

An ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions

Question 3

Define ionic equation

Answer 3

An ionic equation is an equation that shows only those ions or atoms that change in a chemical reaction

Question 4

What do atoms do during chemical reactions and what does it result in

Answer 4

Atoms lose and gain electrons during chemical reactions resulting in oppositely charged ions

Question 5

Ionic bonding is between _______ and _____________

Answer 5

Ionic bonding is between metals and non-metals

Question 6

Atoms lose or gain electrons resulting in ______________

Answer 6

Atoms lose or gain electrons resulting in oppositely charged ions

Question 7

______ and ________ ions _______ to form an _______ bond

Answer 7

Positive and negative ions attract together to form an ionic bond

Question 8

Draw the electron of a sodium ion and atom
State it’s electron configuration
What is the sodium atom called when it has become an ion

Answer 8

Sodium atom 2,8,1
Sodium ion [2,8]+
Dot and cross diagram

Question 9

Draw the electron of an oxygen ion,and atom
State it’s electron configuration
What is the oxygen atom called when it has become an ion

Answer 9

Oxygen atom 2,6
Oxide ion 2,8
For the oxide ion, all the electrons are crosses or dots, not a mixture of both

Question 10

Do group 4 atoms form ions

Answer 10

Group 4 atoms do not form ions (apart from tin, Sn and lead, Pb, at the bottom of the group

Question 11

Do group 0 atoms for ions

Answer 11

Group 0 never form ions in compounds

Question 12

Why do atoms react with other atoms.

Answer 12

Atoms react with atoms, to gain, lose or share electrons from in order to achieve a full outer shell (noble gas configuration)

Question 13

Draw the dot and cross diagram for lithium fluoride

Answer 13

https://chemlegin.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/2012_08_05_lithium_fluoride3_80pc1.png?w=352&zoom=2

but with square brackets

Question 14

Draw the dot and cross diagram for magnesium oxide

Answer 14

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/z9nc2nb/large

Question 15

Draw the dot and cross diagram for calcium oxide

Answer 15

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/z9nc2nb/large

but calcium instead of magnesium

Question 16

Draw the dot and cross diagram for magnesium chloride

Answer 16

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/zqx7fcw/large

Question 17

Sodium sulfide is an ionic compound with formula Na2S. Explain what this formula means

Answer 17

The ratio of Na+ to S2-ions in Sodium Sulfide is 1:2

Question 18

Explain what the formula MgO means

Answer 18

The ratio of Mg 2+ ions and O2- ions in Magnesium Oxide is 1:1

Question 19

Explain why potassium bromide is KBr but potassium oxide is K2O

Answer 19

There is no overall charge on an ionic compound,
Both potassium bromide and potassium oxide are ionic compounds
Potassium is in group 1, so forms 1+ ions.
Bromine is is in group 7, so forms 1- ions
In Potassium Bromide (KBr) the 1− charge on Br− ion is cancelled by 1+ charge on K+ ion,
Whereas, in Potassium Oxide (K2O) two K+ ions are needed to cancel out the 2− charge on O2− ion (Oxygen is in group 6, so forms 2- ions)

Question 20

Explain why magnesium oxide is MgO but magnesium chloride is MgCl2

Answer 20

There is no overall charge on an ionic compound,
Both magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride are ionic compounds
Magnesium is in group 2, so forms 2+ ions.
Oxygen is is in group 6, so forms 2- ions
In Magnesium Oxide (MgO) the 2− charge on O2− ion is cancelled by 2+ charge on Mg2+ ion.

whereas two Cl− ions (Chlorine is in group 7, so forms 1- ions) are needed to cancel out the 2+ charge on an Mg2+ ion in Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2).

Question 21

Explain why metal atoms form positively charged ions whereas non-metals form negatively charged ions

Answer 21

metal atoms have fewer electrons in outer shell
* so lose electrons to form ions
* with stable electronic structure of noble gas
* ions contain more protons than electrons, giving positive ions.

• Non-metal atoms with 5, 6 or 7 electrons in outer shells
• gain electrons to form ions
• with electronic structure of noble gas
• ions have more electrons than protons, resulting in negative ions

Question 22

Explain why simple ions often have noble gas electronic structures

Answer 22

Noble gas electronic structures have a full shell of outer electrons,
which is a very stable structure

Question 23

What does a chlorine atom do to become an ion, state what happens in terms of electron shells to the ion
State the name of the ion

Answer 23

Chlorine atoms gains 1 electron to become a CHLORIDE ion and have a full outer shell

Question 24

What does an oxygen atom do to become an atom
state what happens in terms of electron shells to the ion
State the name of the ion

Answer 24

An oxygen atom gains two electrons to become an OXIDE ions and have a full outer shell

Question 25

State the three types of bonding

Answer 25

ionic bonding
covalent bonding
metallic bonding

Question 26

Types of compounds

Answer 26

Ionic
Simple molecular
Giant covalent