Topic 2 Bonding & Structure Flashcards
What angle is linear?
180
No lone pair, furthest repel
What angle is V shape?
104.5
2 lone pairs
What angle is trigonal planar?
120
No lone pairs
What angle is trigonal pyramidal?
107
1 lone pair
What angle is tetrahedral?
109.5
No lone pairs
What angle is trigonal biphramidal?
5 bonds formed
90 in 2
120 in 3
What angle is hexagonal?
90 between every 2 bonds
6 bonds in total
What is an ionic bond?
Strong electrostatic attraction between opposite charged ions
What is the ionic attraction affected by?
Ionic radius (smaller=stronger)
Ionic charge (higher=stronger)
Qualities of ionic bonds
High mp
Soluble in water
Poor electron conductivity when solid but good when molten
Brittle
How are ionic bond qualities proven?
Electrolysis
What are covalent bonds? (2 marks)
Strong electrostatic attraction (1)
Between 2 nuclei and the share of pair of electrons (1)
What do σ bonds look like?
Overlap of s orbitals
2 O O overlapping
Or 1 s 1 p (O ∞ overlap)
Or ∞ ∞ overlap
What do π bonds look like?
8 8 overlap
2 p orbital overlapping sideways so 2 areas where electrons are shared
What is the definition of electronegativity?
Ability for an atom to attract bonding pair of electrons
What is a dative covalent bond?
Empty orbital of one atom overlap with an orbital with lone pair
(Donating a lone pair to an empty orbital)
What are examples of dative covalent bonds? Give 2
NH4+ (N donates to H)
Al2Cl6 (Cl donates to Al)
When u see mp/bp what do u think of?
London forces
PDPD
H bonds
Why can’t S form H bonds?
Not electronegative enough, much less electronegative than O
, doesn’t form very polar bonds like F O N