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Chemistry AQA > Topic 2 - Bonding, structure and the properties of matter > Flashcards

Topic 2 - Bonding, structure and the properties of matter Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

What is the atomic number of an element?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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2
Q

True or False: An isotope has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the formula for calculating the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

Number of neutrons = Atomic mass - Atomic number

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The pH scale ranges from _____ to _____.

A

0 to 14

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5
Q

What is the chemical formula for water?

A

H2O

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6
Q

What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

A

Covalent bond

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7
Q

Which gas is produced during photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

What do we call a reaction that absorbs energy?

A

Endothermic reaction

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9
Q

True or False: Acids turn blue litmus paper red.

A

True

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10
Q

What is the process of a solid turning directly into a gas called?

A

Sublimation

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11
Q

What is the name of the periodic table group that contains noble gases?

A

Group 18

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12
Q

Complete the statement: Metals are generally _____ conductors of electricity.

A

Good

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13
Q

What is the main component of natural gas?

A

Methane (CH4)

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14
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

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15
Q

What is the term for a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed?

A

Catalyst

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16
Q

Which process involves the breaking down of glucose to release energy?

A

Cellular respiration

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17
Q

True or False: All alkali metals are found in Group 1 of the periodic table.

A

True

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18
Q

What is the main difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

A

Ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons; covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons.

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19
Q

What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

A

Na

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of a liquid turning into a gas is called _____.

A

Evaporation

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21
Q

What is the primary gas responsible for global warming?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

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22
Q

What is the formula for calculating the molar mass of a compound?

A

Sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in the formula.

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23
Q

True or False: A base is a substance that can accept protons.

A

True

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24
Q

What is the term for the amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature?

A

Solubility

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25
What is the name of the process where liquid turns to solid?
Freezing
26
What do we call a mixture that has a uniform composition throughout?
Homogeneous mixture
27
What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?
CO2
28
What is the main function of enzymes in biological systems?
To catalyze biochemical reactions.
29
Fill in the blank: The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the masses of its _____.
Isotopes
30
What is the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction?
It generally increases the reaction rate.
31
Name the three states of matter.
Solid, liquid, gas
32
True or False: Water is a polar molecule.
True
33
What is the term for the smallest unit of an element that retains its properties?
Atom
34
What are the two main types of chemical bonds?
Ionic and covalent bonds
35
What is the general rule for predicting the charge of an ion formed by elements in Group 1?
They typically lose one electron and form a +1 ion.
36
What is the term for the energy required to break a bond in a molecule?
Bond energy
37
What is the chemical symbol for potassium?
K
38
Fill in the blank: The process of separating a solid from a liquid in a mixture is called _____.
Filtration
39
What is the primary product of combustion of hydrocarbons?
Carbon dioxide and water
40
What type of reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base?
Neutralization reaction
41
True or False: All metals are solid at room temperature.
False
42
What do we call the vertical columns in the periodic table?
Groups
43
What is the process of converting a gas into a liquid called?
Condensation
44
What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
45
Fill in the blank: The atomic structure of an atom includes protons, neutrons, and _____.
Electrons
46
What is a common use of limestone in industry?
To produce lime (calcium oxide) or cement.
47
What is the main characteristic of transition metals?
They can form multiple oxidation states and colored compounds.
48
What is the main purpose of a periodic table?
To organize elements based on their properties and atomic structure.
49
What is the term for the reaction of an organic compound with oxygen?
Combustion
50
What is the unit of measurement for the amount of substance?
Mole
51
True or False: A catalyst is consumed in a chemical reaction.
False
52
What is the chemical name for NaCl?
Sodium chloride
53
Fill in the blank: The main gas in the Earth's atmosphere is _____.
Nitrogen
54
What is the primary function of chlorophyll in plants?
To absorb light energy for photosynthesis.
55
What do we call the energy required to start a chemical reaction?
Activation energy
56
What is the term for a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution?
Acid
57
What is the chemical formula for ammonia?
NH3
58
Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down a substance into simpler substances is called _____.
Decomposition
59
What is the term for the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance?
Solubility
60
What is the primary source of energy for the Earth?
The Sun
61
What is the chemical symbol for iron?
Fe
62
True or False: All acids contain hydrogen.
True
63
What is the process called when a liquid changes to a solid?
Freezing
64
What is the term for the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom?
Electron configuration
65
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
66
Fill in the blank: The main component of air is _____ gas.
Nitrogen
67
What is the term for a reaction that releases energy?
Exothermic reaction
68
What is the name for the negatively charged particles in an atom?
Electrons
69
What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?
HCl
70
Fill in the blank: The number of protons in an atom determines its _____ in the periodic table.
Element
71
What is the primary component of the Earth's crust?
Silicon and oxygen (as silicates)
72
What is the term for the process of converting a solid directly into a gas?
Sublimation
73
What is the chemical formula for ethanol?
C2H5OH
74
True or False: Ionic compounds typically have high melting and boiling points.
True
75
What is the process of combining elements to form a compound called?
Synthesis
76
What is the main function of the respiratory system in humans?
To exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) with the environment.
77
What is the term used for a solution that has a pH less than 7?
Acidic solution
78
What is the chemical name for the compound with the formula CaCO3?
Calcium carbonate
79
Fill in the blank: The solid state of water is called _____.
Ice
80
What is the name of the bond formed between two atoms when they share electrons?
Covalent bond
81
What is the term for a substance that can accept electrons?
Oxidizing agent
82
What is the primary product of the reaction between an acid and a carbonate?
Carbon dioxide, water, and a salt
83
True or False: The atomic mass of an element is a whole number.
False
84
What is the name for the positively charged ions?
Cations

Chemistry AQA (2 decks)

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