Topic 2 - Concepts & Approaches

Question 1

_____ of ______ can be used for the examination of movement and for incorporating movement into a therapeutic intervention program.

Answer 1

Range of Motion

Question 2

Joint structures, as well as the _________ and flexibility of soft tissues that cross over the joints, affect the amount of motion at the joint.

Answer 2

Integrity

Question 3

Regional structures that are affected by _____ of ______ include:
- Muscles
- Joint surfaces
- Capsules
- Ligaments
- Fasciae
- Vessels
- Nerves

Answer 3

Range of Motion

Question 4

Range of motion is usually measured with a __________ and mobility requires a __________ range of motion.

Answer 4

Goniometer
Functional

Question 5

A type of range of motion that is the average based on many people.

Answer 5

Full/Normal Range of Motion

Question 6

A type of range of motion representing what the patient can do with their own muscle.

Answer 6

Active Range of Motion

Question 7

A type of range of motion representing what is anatomically possible for the patient based on their end range.

Answer 7

Passive/Anatomical Range of Motion

Question 8

A type of range of motion representing what the patient needs in order to accomplish their ADLs.

Answer 8

Functional Range of Motion

Question 9

_______ ROM is movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced entirely by an external force.

Answer 9

Passive ROM (PROM)

Question 10

Indications for _______ ROM include:
- Acute or inflamed tissue
- After injury or surgery
- Patient is unable or not supposed to actively move
- Comatose, paralyzed or complete bed rest

Answer 10

Passive ROM

Question 11

Goals for _______ ROM include:
- Decrease cartilage degeneration, adhesions and contracture formation
- Improve poor circulation following immobilization
- Maintain joint and connective tissue mobility
- Decrease or inhibit pain
- Assist with the healing process

Answer 11

Passive ROM

Question 12

Limitations with _______ ROM include:
- Does not prevent muscle atrophy
- Does not increase strength or endurance
- Does not assist circulation to the extent that active muscle contraction does

Answer 12

Passive ROM

Question 13

______ ROM is movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced by active contraction of a muscle.

Answer 13

Active ROM (AROM)

Question 14

_____-_________ ROM is active movement where assistance is provided manually or mechanically because the prime mover muscles need help to complete the motion.

Answer 14

Active-Assistive ROM (AAROM)

Question 15

Indications for ______ ROM include:
- When the patient is able to contract the muscles actively
- When a segment of the body is immobilized, used to regions above and below to maintain normal conditions
- Relieves stress from sustained postures

Answer 15

Active ROM

Question 16

_____-_________ ROM is used to gain control of the patient’s ROM, and progressively moves to ______ ROM.

Answer 16

Active-Assistive ROM
Active ROM

Question 17

Goals for ______ ROM and _____-_________ ROM include:
- Maintain physiological elasticity and contractility of participating muscles
- Provide sensory feedback from the contracting muscles
- Provide stimulus for bone and joint tissue integrity
- Increase circulation and prevent thrombus formation
- Develop coordination and motor skills for functional activities

Answer 17

Active ROM
Active-Assistive ROM

Question 18

T/F - AROM and AAROM goals are the same as PROM goals if there is no inflammation or contraindications present.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F - AROM can maintain or increase strength.

Answer 19

False - AROM CANNOT maintain or increase strength.

Question 20

Fill in the blanks for the Range of Motion Progression Approach:
1) ______ to the surrounding joints/structures (above and below) to maintain integrity
2) ______ to the affected joint; to maintain and gain ROM
3) ______ to the affected joint; to maintain and gain control of existing ROM
4) ______ to the affected joint/structures; to maintain, gain and develop coordination control of existing ROM
5) ______ to the affected joint/structures; to maintain or increase strength (strengthening exercises)

Answer 20

1) AROM
2) PROM
3) AA ROM
4) AROM
5) AR ROM

Question 21

T/F - ROM should not be done when motion is disruptive to the healing process.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Carefully __________ motion within the limits of pain-free motion during early phases of healing has been shown to benefit healing and early recovery.

Answer 22

Controlled

Question 23

Signs of too much or the wrong motion include increased pain and ____________.

Answer 23

Inflammation

Question 24

T/F - ROM should be done when patient response or the condition is life-threatening.

Answer 24

False - ROM should NOT be done when patient response or the condition is life-threatening.

Question 25

_______ ROM may be carefully initiated to major joints and active ROM to ankles and feet to minimize venous stasis and thrombus formation.

Answer 25

Passive

Question 26

After myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, ______ ROM of upper extremities and limited walking are usually tolerated under careful monitoring of symptoms.

Answer 26

Active

Question 27

T/F - ROM is synonymous with stretching.

Answer 27

False - ROM is NOT synonymous with stretching.

Question 28

When developing a ___________ ________ program that is efficient and effective, the following should be considered: - Mobility - Stability - Controlled Mobility/Neuromuscular Control/Motor Control - Skill

Answer 28

Therapeutic Exercise

Question 29

The ability to perform active or passive movement of structures or segments of the body through a functional range of motion.

Answer 29

Mobility

Question 30

The ability to provide a stable foundation from which to move.

Answer 30

Stability

Question 31

The ability for synergists, agonists and antagonists to move within joints and between limbs following the optimal path of instant center of rotation (PICR). The ability to anticipate or response to proprioceptive and kinesthetic information.

Answer 31

Controlled Mobility (aka. Neuromuscular Control, Motor Control)

Question 32

The interaction between sensory and motor systems working in correct sequence creates ___________ movement, which is a combination of stability and mobility.

Answer 32

Coordinated

Question 33

The ability to maintain consistency in performing functional tasks with economy of effort.

Answer 33

Skill

Question 34

In order to increase ________, some techniques we can do include: - High grade joint mobilizations - Muscle stripping - PIR - Stretching - Fascial work - Lymphatic drainage - PROM - METs

Answer 34

Mobility

Question 35

Isometrics and self-tapotement can be prescribed to help increase _________.

Answer 35

Stability

Question 36

In order to improve __________ ________, some exercises we can prescribe include: - Isotonics - AAROM - AFROM - ARROM - Proprioception work

Answer 36

Controlled Mobility

Question 37

To improve _____, the prescribed exerises should mimic the individual's ADLs or match what they are training to do.

Answer 37

Skill

Question 38

Used as a guideline on how to progress an exercise treatment plan with the ultimate goal being to get the individual to be functional. We will need to conduct a thorough assessment to identify what is necessary and what is of priority.

Answer 38

"The Performance Pyramid"

Question 39

Mobility before ________, stability before ________, and movement before ________.

Answer 39

Stability Movement Strength

Question 40

Where the ultimate goal is to help the patient return to ADLs through prescription of functional exercises.

Answer 40

Functional Progression

Question 41

__________ exercises mimic everyday activities/tasks (ADLs). They teach muscle groups to work with other muscle groups, rather than isolating one muscle or one group of muscles. They are complex, multidirectional movements that require coordination with all muscles functioning as desired.

Answer 41

Functional

Question 42

T/F - Compensation can lead to functional dysfunction.

Answer 42

True