Topic 2: Development Dynamics

Question 1

What is GPD?

Gross Domestic Product

Answer 1

The total value of goods and services a country produces in a year it is usually given in us dollars

Question 2

What is GDP per capita ?

Answer 2

The GDP divided by the population of a country. Its often gives it in us dollars and can be called GDP per head

Question 3

What is GNI and GNI per capita?

Gross national income

Answer 3

The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year, including income from overseas
GNI per capita is the GNI divided by the population of a country

Question 4

What is birth rate?

Answer 4

The number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year

Question 5

What is the death rate?

Answer 5

The number death per thousand of population per year

Question 6

What is fertility rate?

Answer 6

The average number of births per women

Question 7

What is infant mortality rate?

Answer 7

The number of babies who die under 1 year old, per thousand babies born

Question 8

What is maternal mortality rate?

Answer 8

The number of women who die due to pregnancy related problems per hundred thousand live births

Question 9

What is doctor per 1000 of population?

Answer 9

The number of working doctors per thousand of the population

Question 10

What is gini coefficient ?

Answer 10

A measure economic inequality. Countries are given score between 0 (equal) and 1 ( total inequality)

Question 11

What is gender inequality index?

Answer 11

A number thats calculated using data on like womens education,access to jobs , political rights and health during pregnancy. The higher the score, the more inequality.

Question 12

What is human development index?

HDI

Answer 12

This is the number thats calculated using life expectancy, education level and income per head. Every country has an HDI between 0 and 1

Question 13

What is corruption perceptions index ?

CPI

Answer 13

A measure of the level of corruption that is believed to exist in the public sector on a scale of 1-100. The lower the score the lower the corruption .

Question 14

What is economic?

Answer 14

It is the progress in the economic growth

Question 15

What is social ?

Answer 15

Its the improvement in peoples standard living

Question 16

What is political?

Answer 16

It is have a stable political system with institutions that can meet the needs of society.

Question 17

What is developing countries?

Answer 17

Developing countries have higher fertility and birth rates because theres no use of contraception
The death rate is also high due to poor health care and life expectancy is low

Question 18

What is emerging countries?

Answer 18

Emerging countries see their fertility rate fall rapidly as women have a more equal place in society and a better education
The use of contraceptions increases and more women work instead of having children
Health care improves so life expectancy increases

Question 19

What is developed countries?

Answer 19

In developed countries fertility rated are low because people want possessions and a high quality of life snd may have dependant elderly relatives, so there is less money available for having more children
Health care is good, so the death rate is low and life expectancy is high

Question 20

What is colonialism?

Answer 20

Countries that were colonised are often at a lower level of development when they gain independence than they would be if they had not been colonised
European countries colonised much of africa in the 19th century as they control the economies of their colonies.

Question 21

What is rostows theory?

Answer 21

Rostows mordernisation theory predicts how countries level of economic development changes over time- it describes how a countrys economy changes from relying on mostly primary industry.

Question 22

What are the consequences of global inequalities

Answer 22

Countries have a rough time trying to develop. And things dont look great if you dont make it off the bottom of the pile either. So this could lead other countries to be poor and others to be developed

Question 23

How can global inequalites cause environmental problems?

Answer 23

Economic development leads to more consumption of food, water and energy as people get wealthier. This puts pressure on scarce resources and can threaten ecosystems

Question 24

What are the 5 stages of rostows theory

Answer 24

1. Traditional society - like farming, fishing and forestry
2. Precautions for take-off - manufacturing starts to develop
3. Take-off - Large scale industrialisation
4. Drive to maturity- economy grows so people get wealthier
5. Mass consumption- Goods are mass produced

Question 25

What is Franks dependency theory?

Answer 25

This theory was made to explain why some countries are more developed than other

Question 26

What is globalisation

Answer 26

Globalisation is a process of countries becoming more interigated

Question 27

What is TNC

Answer 27

It stands for transnational corporations and they are companies the produce products,sell products or are locared in more than one country

Question 28

How does TNC increase globalisation?

Answer 28

They increase globalisation by linking together countries through the production and sale of goods

Question 29

How are governments increasing globalisation

Answer 29

Governments are increasing globalisation by promotion free trade. Competing with each other to attract investments and they hand over services and industries to private companies

Question 30

How does globalisation benefit some countries more than others

Answer 30

It benefits other countries like china, india and more as they have large, cheap workforces, lots of cheap raw materials, available land , reasonable infrastructure and more

Question 31

What are the advantages of NGO-led intermediate Technology

Answer 31

Project are designed to address the needs of people local where the projects are carried out Projects are labour intensive

Question 32

What are the disadvantages of NGO-led intermediate Technology

Answer 32

Projects are often small scale, so they may not benefit everyone Different organisations may not work together so projects may be inefficent

Question 33

What are the advantages of TNCs investment

Answer 33

TNC provide employment for local people More companies mean a grater income from taxes for thr host country Some TNCs run programmes to help development

Question 34

What are the disadvantages of TNC investment

Answer 34

Some profit leave the host country | TNC may move around the country to take advantage of local tex breaks, leaving people jobless as companies move on

Question 35

How has globalisation increased development?

Answer 35

More than 50% of indians now own mobile phone | India has 12 major ports and more than 20 international airports

Question 36

How has government policy increased development?

Answer 36

In 1991, India got 2.2 billion dollars for an exchange for the government changing its economic policies India has made primary education free, 96% of children are now enrol for school

Question 37

How is development causing population change

Answer 37

Birth rates are high, death rates and infant mortality have fallen The life expectancy has increased from 58 to 68

Question 38

What is the pros of economic development for different groups of people?

Answer 38

All age groups have better health: old people living longer, low infant mortality rate Higher education for younger students and have a better opporunity to achieve a better job

Question 39

What is the cons of economic development for different groups of people

Answer 39

Rapid growth of industrialisation which mean more young people doing dangerous jobs Less worker in the farm as the young people move to urban area Children in rural area would cause a bad education for them

Question 40

How does economic development have a impact on the environment

Answer 40

Industrialisation leads to more energy consumption and would also have an increase in demand of fossil fuels More air pollution Water pollution

Question 41

How has Indias global influence increasing

Answer 41

India had a poor relationship with the US but now it has improved The USA expects an increase trade, employment and economic growth USA sees india as a huge market for renewable and nuclear energy

Question 42

What are the costs to foreign influences on India

Answer 42

There is an increasing tension between India and china- both have rapidly growing economies Developed nations are also concerned about losing economic power as India grows

Question 43

What are the benifits to foreign influence on India

Answer 43

Improved relations mean India can cooperate with other countries on global issues such as climate change