Topic 2 - Education Flashcards
What is the definition of labelling?
It is the act or attaching a meaning or definition to an individual
What sociological perspective looks at labelling and what is the general trend of teachers labelling?
Interactionists look at labelling
Studies show that teachers often attach labels based on stereotypes, labelling w/c pupils negatively and m/c positively
What did Becker find?
BECKER- interviewed 60 Chicago high school teachers and found they judged students on how close they were to fitting the ‘ideal pupil’ .
What did rist find?
RIST found labelling begins at the start of a child’s education. Studies on American kindergarteners found they were separated into groups:
The tigers- fast learners, m/c and seated closest to the teacher
The clowns and cardinals- seated further, w/c and given lower level books
What is a self- fulfilling prophecy?
It is a prediction that comes true simply because it has been made. Labelling creates a self fulfilling prophecy
What are the steps of the self fulfilling prophecy?
1)The teacher labels the pupil
2) the teacher treats the student based on their label
3) the pupil internalises the label and starts the believe it
What did rosenthal and jacobsen find?
They did a study and labelled 20% of students as spurters and found 47% of them made significant progress
How does fuller criticise labelling
He says it is too deterministic
What is streaming?
Streaming involves putting children into ability based groups
What did Becker find about how teachers stream kids?
BECKER- found teachers are more likely to put w/c kids into lower streams
What is the A-C economy?
GILLBORN AND YOUDELL- found teachers placing kids in lower streams entered gcses at a lower level making the gap grow further and schools wanted to be higher on league tables so they focused on those able to get a C or higher.
What is the educational triage?
GILLBORN AND YOUDELL- pupils are seperated into 3 groups.
Hopeless cases, C/D students targeted for help, those who will pass anyway
What is pupil subcultures?
They are a group of pupils that share similar values and attitudes towards school.
What did lacey find?
LACEY- through the process of differentiation and polarisation children fit into a pro or anti school subculture.
What does ball argue?
He argues abolishing streaming doesnt get rid of inequalities as labelling still exists.
