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OCR A level chemistry > Topic 2- Foundations in Chemistry > Flashcards

Topic 2- Foundations in Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in the atom

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2
Q

isotope

A

elements with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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3
Q

relative isotopic mass

A

mass of an isotope of an element compared to 1/12 th the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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4
Q

relative atomic mass

A

the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 yh the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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5
Q

cation

A

positive ion

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6
Q

anion

A

negative ion

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7
Q

amount of substance

A

number of particles in a substance

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8
Q

molecular formula

A

number of atoms of each element in a molecule

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9
Q

empirical formula

A

simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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10
Q

relative molecular mass

A

the weighted mean mass of a molecule of a compound compared with 1/12th the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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11
Q

relative formula mass

A

the weighted mean mass of the formula unit of a compound compared with 1/12th the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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12
Q

hydrated

A

a crystalline compound containing water molecules

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13
Q

water of crystallation

A

water molecules that are bonded into a crystalline structure of a compound

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14
Q

anhydrous

A

containing no water molecules

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15
Q

standard solution

A

a solution of a known concentration

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16
Q

molar gas volume

A

the volume per mole of gas molecules at a stated temperature and pressure

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17
Q

limiting reagent

A

the reactant which is not in excess, which will be used up first and stop the reaction

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18
Q

atom economy

A

measure of efficiency of a chemical reaction

19
Q

strong acid

A

an acid that dissociates completely in a solution

20
Q

weak acid

A

an acid that dissociates only partially in a solution

21
Q

alkali

A

a type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions

22
Q

neutralisation

A

a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react together to form a salt

23
Q

redox reaction

A

a reaction involving reduction and oxidation

24
Q

orbital

A

region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins

25
Q

s-block

A

highest energy electron in the s subshell

26
Q

p-block

A

highest energy electron in the p subshell

27
Q

d-block

A

highest energy electron in the d subshell

28
Q

ionic bonding

A

electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

29
Q

covalent bonding

A

electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atom

30
Q

dative covalent bond

A

a shared pair of electrons in which the bonded pair has been provided by one of the bonding atoms only

31
Q

tetrahedral

A

4 bond pairs and 0 lone pairs with a bond angle of 109.5

32
Q

pyramidal

A

3 bond pairs and 1 lone pair with a bond angle of 107

33
Q

non-linear

A

2 bond pairs and 2 lone pairs with a bond angle of 104.5

34
Q

linear

A

2 bond pairs and 0 lone pairs with a bond angle of 180

35
Q

trigonal planar

A

3 bond pairs and 0 lone pairs with a bond angle of 120

36
Q

octahedral

A

6 bond pairs and 0 lone pairs with a bond angle of 90

37
Q

electronegativity

A

a measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond

38
Q

non-polar bond

A

no charge separation across a bond or in a molecule

39
Q

polar bond

A

bonded electron pair shared unequally between the bonded atoms

40
Q

intermolecular forces

A

an attractive force between molecules

41
Q

London forces

A

temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles

42
Q

permanent dipole

A

a small charge difference that does not change across a bond, with partial charges on the bonded atoms

43
Q

hydrogen bond

A

a strong dipole-dipole attraction between an electron-deficient hydrogen atom of -NH,-OH or HF on one molecule and a lone pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom

44
Q

oxidation state

A

the oxidation number

OCR A level chemistry (6 decks)

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