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Living Environment Regents Review > Topic 2: Homeostasis in Living Things > Flashcards

Topic 2: Homeostasis in Living Things Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Homeostasis

A

The internal stability that all organisms maintain. Biochemical processes occur in living things and are essential for their survival.

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2
Q

Energy storing process

A

Photosynthesis

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3
Q

Photosynthesis equation (in words)

A

Water + carbon dioxide —> glucose + oxygen

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4
Q

Photosynthesis equation in chemical symbols

A

H2O + CO2 —> C6H12O6 + O2

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5
Q

Where does photosynthesis happen?

A

In the chloroplasts of plant cells

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6
Q

What pigment is needed for photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll

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7
Q

BLANK energy from the sun is converted into BLANK energy in photosynthesis.

A

Light, chemical

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8
Q

Stomates

A

Holes on the bottoms of leaves that open and close

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9
Q

Stomates let BLANK in when open

A

CO2

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10
Q

Stomates conserve BLANK when closed

A

Water

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11
Q

Guard cells

A

Special cells that control the opening or closing of the holes in leaves (stomates)

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12
Q

The energy releasing process is called BLANK

A

Cellular respiration

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13
Q

Cellular respiration equation in words

A

Glucose + oxygen —> water + carbon dioxide + ATP

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14
Q

Cellular respiration equation in symbols

A

C6H12O6 + O2 —> H2O + CO2 +ATP

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15
Q

Where does cellular respiration happen?

A

Mitochondria of cells

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16
Q

In cellular respiration, BLANK energy from glucose is converted into BLANK which is a form of energy used by cells

A

Chemical, ATP

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17
Q

Organism

A

All systems working together to maintain life and homeostasis

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18
Q

Digestive system

A

Digest and absorb nutrients

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18
Q

What are the 7 systems in an organism?

A

Digestive, respiratory, immune, nervous, endocrine, excretory, skeletal/ muscular

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19
Q
A
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19
Q
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20
Q
A
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21
Q

Respiratory system

A

Gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

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22
Q

Immune system

A

Protects the body from viruses and bacteria (pathogens/antigens)

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23
Pathogens
Disease causing organisms (virus, bacteria, fungus, microorganisms, protists)
24
Antigens
Protein name tags that have a special shape the white blood cells can recognize the name tags to
25
White blood cells
Produce antibodies that have a special shape to fit into or recognize the bad pathogens / antigens and destroy them or label them for destruction (immune response)
26
Vaccines
Dead or weakened pathogen injected into the body so the white blood cells can “practice” making antibodies for it. Makes you IMMUNE to a pathogen
27
Antibiotics
Medications given to fight bacterial infections
28
Allergy
Body makes antibodies to harmless antigens (pollen, dust, peanut butter)
29
AIDS
H.I.V. Destroys white blood cells, so you have no immunity
30
Nervous system
Used for fast communication between cells to maintain homeostasis
31
Endocrine system
Hormones (chemical message) is sent through the blood to a target cell/ organ that has the correct shaped receptors
32
Feedback mechanisms
Maintain homeostasis by regulating the amount of sugar, water, calcium in your body/ blood
33
Example of feedback mechanism: if blood sugar gets too high…
Insulin is released from the pancreas to bring it back to normal levels
34
Excretory system
Removed wastes from the body (kidneys, skin, lungs)
35
Skeletal/ muscular system
Locomotion
36
Enzymes
Specially shaped proteins that digest or synthesize large molecules. They are needed for most metabolic activities (homeostasis/ equilibrium)
37
Dynamic equilibrium
The constant small corrections that must occur to maintain homeostasis
38
Enzymes are specific in their BLANK and BLANK
Action, substrate
39
Substrate
What an enzyme digests or synthesizes. It “fits” into the enzyme
40
Examples of enzymes for proteins, lactose, lipids
Protease digests proteins, lactase digests lactose, lipase digests lipids
41
Catalysts
Increase the rate of reaction. Enzymes are catalysts.
42
Example of enzyme as catalyst of starch
Starch will eventually breakdown into simple sugars, but enzymes make the reaction happen 1000 times faster
43
Denature
Change the shape of an enzyme. This will change the speed of it or make it stop functioning
44
Factors effecting enzyme activity
Temperature, pH (acidic/ basic), and amount of enzyme or substrate affect the rate that enzymes work. Every enzyme has an optimal (best) temp and pH that it can work the fastest (highest rate). Temp and pH graphs look similar. Concentration of enzyme and substrate graphs look similar.
45
Antibodies
Proteins that protect you when an unwanted substance enters your body
46
Bacteria
Microscopic living organisms that have only one cell
47
Biochemical
Chemical processes that occur in living beings
48
Processes
Any of the biological reactions or other events that result in a transformation or change of state
49
Disease
Disorder of structure or function of an organism that is not a direct result of physical injury
50
Dynamic
Changing over time
51
Fungi
Eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts, molds, and mushrooms
52
Gas exchange
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between a living thing and its environment
53
Insulin
Hormone that lowers glucose levels in the blood
54
Microbe
A living thing that is too small to be seen with the naked eye
55
pH
A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
56
Pancreas
An organ which produces enzymes that help digestion and hormones including insulin
57
Parasite
An organism that lives in or on an organism of another species (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the others expense
58
stimuli
a detectable change in the internal or external environment
58
virus
An infectious agent that can only reproduce within a host organism
59
Lactic acid fermentation word equation
glucose --> lactic acid + energy
60
anaerobic vs aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration occurs with oxygen and releases more energy but more slowly. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly.

Living Environment Regents Review (7 decks)

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