Topic 2 - Ionic Bonding

Question 0

What colour does a potassium cation go in a flame?

Answer 0

Lilac

Question 1

What colour does a sodium cation go in a flame?

Answer 1

Yellow and orange

Question 2

What colour does a calcium cation flame go in a flame?

Answer 2

Brick red

Question 3

What colour does a copper cation go in a flame?

Answer 3

Green-blue

Question 4

Are common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts soluble or insoluble in water?

Answer 4

Yes, they are soluble in water

Question 5

Are nitrates soluble or insoluble in water?

Answer 5

They are soluble in water

Question 6

Are most chlorides soluble or insoluble?

Answer 6

Soluble

Question 7

What chlorides are not soluble?

Answer 7

Lead chloride and silver chloride

Question 8

Are most sulphates soluble or insoluble?

Answer 8

Soluble

Question 9

What sulphates are insoluble?

Answer 9

Lead sulphate, barium sulphate, calcium sulphate

Question 10

What carbonates are soluble in water?

Answer 10

Sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and ammonium carbonate

Question 11

Are most carbonates soluble or insoluble?

Answer 11

Insoluble

Question 12

Are most hydroxides soluble or insoluble?

Answer 12

Insoluble

Question 13

What hydroxides are soluble?

Answer 13

Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide

Question 14

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 14

When atoms transfer (lose of gains) of electrons to form positively or negatively charged atoms (or group of atoms) called ions

Question 15

Why are the ions strongly attracted to each other in ionic bonding?

Answer 15

Because of the attraction between opposite charges (- and +)

Question 16

What groups in the periodic table are most likely to form ions?

Answer 16

Group 1&2 and 6&7 are the most likely to form ions

Question 17

What groups from the periodic table lose electrons?

Answer 17

1 and 2

Question 18

What groups in the periodic table gain electrons?

Answer 18

6 and 7

Question 19

What groups in the periodic table as anions?

Answer 19

6 and 7

Question 20

What groups in the periodic table as cations?

Answer 20

1 and 2

Question 21

What kind of structure do ionic compounds have?

Answer 21

A regular lattice structure

Question 22

Why do ions form a closely packed regular lattice structure?

Answer 22

Because ionic bonds are very string electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 23

Do ionic compounds have a high or a low melting and boiling point?

Answer 23

High melting and boiling point. This is because of the strong bonds between the ions (electrostatic forces of attraction) and so it takes a lot of energy to break them

Question 24

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity? Why?

Answer 24

When molten or aqueous. - This is because an an aqueous solution, the ions separate and are free to move, so they can carry electric current. - When they melt, the same thing happens. The ions are free to move and they'll carry electric current.

Question 25

When TWO different elements join, the compounds name ends with what?

Answer 25

something-IDE

Question 26

When THREE OR MORE different elements join, the compounds name ends with what?

Answer 26

Something-ATE

Question 27

How can you test for carbonates? What is the equation?

Answer 27

- Bubble substance through lime water - If it goes cloudy and milky, it contain CO2 acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 28

How to test for a sulphate ion

Answer 28

Add a dilute acid (ie hydrochloric acid) followed by barium chloride solution A white precipitate of barium sulphate means the original compound was a sulphate

Question 29

How to test for a chloride solution

Answer 29

Add dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate solution A chloride gives a white precipitate of silver chloride

Question 30

How would you use a sodium carbonate and a copper chloride to produce a pure, dry sample of copper carbonate?

Answer 30

Mix them together Filter the mixture Wash copper carbonate with deionised water which then removes traces of sodium chloride Leave to dry in a warm place

Question 31

How can you tell if it is a metal or an ionic compound?

Answer 31

Conduct electricity through it when in its solid form. If it conducts it is a metal, if not it is an ionic compund

Question 32

What is a precipitate?

Answer 32

A solid product formed from 2 or more aqueous reactants

Question 33

Are nitrates soluble or insoluble?

Answer 33

SOLUBLE

Question 34

What is the word equation for a precipitate reaction?

Answer 34

solution (aq) + solution (aq) -> solution + solid (precipitate)

Question 35

What do we do to find out what ions are in an ionic substance?

Answer 35

Flame tests

Question 36

Are metals a cation or anion

Answer 36

Cations

Question 37

Why do we study the colour of the precipitate?

Answer 37

To determine the anion present