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Human Geography > Topic 2 - Key terms > Flashcards

Topic 2 - Key terms Flashcards

1
Q

place

A

a location with meaning that has human and physical characteristics, interconnected with another place

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2
Q

sense of place

A

emotional meanings a place has to individuals or groups, eg a home which you share with a family

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3
Q

media place

A

places which a person has only read about/seen in various media such as films, books or social media

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4
Q

experienced place

A

a place a person has spent time in, sense of place becomes stronger the longer your experience th pace

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5
Q

Topophilia

A

strong attachment to a place

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6
Q

topophobia

A

dread or adverse reaction to place

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7
Q

endogenous factors

A

the local, internal characteristics which makes up a place’s identity

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8
Q

Location

A

refers to where the place is, eg rural/urban. The location determines a place’s function

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9
Q

topography

A

the shape of the landscape, eg flat, valley or hillside. topography affects land=use

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10
Q

physical geography

A

the environmental features of a place, eg rock0type, altitude

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11
Q

Land-use

A

human activities on land eg farming, industry leisure

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12
Q

Infrastructure

A

The environment built by humans, eg structures for transport (train lines)

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13
Q

Demographics

A

the statistical characteristics of human populations, such as age, race and income

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14
Q

Census

A 
counts the population of people in a place and records information on their characteristics such as:
age
sex
employment 
education
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15
Q

exogenous factors

A

the external influences on a place’s identity, they are caused by a place’s relationship with other places

these relationships are flows:
people
resources
money/investment
ideas/info
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16
Q

placeless places

A

places that lack diversity and are impersonal, meaning no one identifies with them

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17
Q

Urban regeneration

A

an attempt to reverse industrial decline by improving the physical structure and economy of the area

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18
Q

westernisation

A

a process whereby societies come under/adopt western cultures in areas such as fashion, industry, diet and lifestyle

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19
Q

hybridisation

A

the process whereby a cultural element blends into another culture by modifying an element to fit cultural norms

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20
Q

Gentrification

A

process where wealthier people move into, renovate and restore houses/businesses in inner cities/deteriorated areas formerly home to poorer people

21
Q

Agglormeration

A

where industries of the same focus eg automobiles accumulate in a specific urban area to make use of its advantages

22
Q

Production side theory

A

post-war suburban areas had lower rents creating a flow of money and people into those areas. urban areas were abandoned and their value decreased.

23
Q

Rent gap theory

A

The inequality between the lands current use and value and its potential use and value. Developers see potential in redeveloping the area – closing the rent gap. This drives up rent/mortgage prices

24
Q

consumption side theory

A

characterised observation whereby gentrifiers enjoy and demand arts/leisure facilities which the newly gentrified place provides

25
Q

Change from ‘steel belt’ to ‘rust belt’

A

Parts of the city of Michigan like Detroit were industrialised, working in coal fields and the iron ore industry - steel belt

poor city management, white flight and competition from abroad led to the decline in industries in the mid-west - rust belt

26
Q

ethnic make-up and wealth in Detroit

A

82% of residents in the city of Detroit are African-American, median household income = $27,000.

85% of residents in Grosse Pointe Park are white, median household income = $101,000.

27
Q

what are the 3 main external forces that influence place

A

government policy
multinational corporations
national institutes

28
Q

China’s 1 child policy

A

introduced in 1979
couples only allowed 1 child
prevented 400 million births
will lead to gender imbalance in 2030, 30 million more men than women

29
Q

how did France mitigate population decline

A

offered cash incentives to mothers who stayed home to look after their children
pension schemes for mothers
childcare was made free, wealthy families could pay max of 500 a month for the ‘best healthcare’

30
Q

Turkish economic migrants in Germany

A

1961, Germany signed labour recruitment agreement with Turkey
some workers stayed behind - started families
Turkish culture/food are widely known/consumed throughout Germany

31
Q

London Docklands redevelopment

A

Docklands was experiencing population + employment decline
government created enterprise zone offering grants to attract investment
22,000 new houses built.
1000s of new jobs created.

32
Q

Representation of place
Stats
pros + cons

A

Census data provides quantitative info about a place through graphs, charts and raw data

States can be manipulated in a subjective manner to make you think a certain way

33
Q

Representation of place
maps
pros + cons

A

could be used to provide data for a specific place eg proportional circles

maps may be misleading eg may be outdated

34
Q

Representation of place
films, pictures, art
pros + cons

A

photos tell you what a place looks like and feels can create a sense of place

photos are subjective and films are manipulated to fit the storyline

35
Q

Representation of place
stories, music, poetry
pros + cons

A

they all evoke a sense of place from the composers view

information is subjective and could greatly contrast each other

36
Q

how do governments influence representation of place

A

locally and nationally attract people/investment to places

37
Q

how do corporate bodies influence representation of place

A

generate profit for a specific reason eg tourism

38
Q

how do communities influence representation of place

A

improve the economy/lives of local people eg by holding food festivals

39
Q

why did some parts of the UK need rural rebranding

A

rural areas could not maximise their income from their primary sector employment in the post-industrial economy
rural areas close to major cities are ideal for commuters and retired people- people move out of cities into rural areas

40
Q

define near place

A

geographically close to where a person lives

41
Q

define far place

A

geographically distant from where a person lives

42
Q

where is Wembley located + vague function

A

located within the NW borough of London, Brent, England

residential and commercial use

43
Q

where is Lerwick located + vague function

A

located on the east coast of the Shetland Islands, 200km north of the mainland
Main port town of the Shetland Islands

44
Q

topography, function of Wembley

A

flat topography ideal for structures like the Wembley stadium and terraced housing

45
Q

topography, function of Lerwick

A

hilly topography makes shorter buildings more feasible

located on the Bressay sound the harbour is ideal for trade, shipping and primary industries like fishing

46
Q 
Wembley
Population
Population growth
Median age
Gender M:F
A

102,856 (2011 census)
+2.5% 2011-17
32
52:47

47
Q 
Lerwick
Population
Population growth
Median age
Gender M:F
A

7326 (2011 census)
+0.2% 2011=17
41
51`;49

48
Q

Culture in Wembley + 1 concern

A

culturally diverse compared to the national average

1 concern may be the 52% whose first language isn’t English, puts pressure on education system and communication is harder

49
Q

Culture in Lerwick + 1 concern

A

less culturally diverse compared to Wembley, but very integrated within their local culture suggesting a strong sense of place

1 concern may be the lack of diversity, is it unappealing to younger gens - aids depopulation

Human Geography (6 decks)

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