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Human Geography > Topic 2 - Key terms > Flashcards

Topic 2 - Key terms Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

place

A

a location with meaning that has human and physical characteristics, interconnected with another place

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2
Q

sense of place

A

emotional meanings a place has to individuals or groups, eg a home which you share with a family

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3
Q

media place

A

places which a person has only read about/seen in various media such as films, books or social media

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4
Q

experienced place

A

a place a person has spent time in, sense of place becomes stronger the longer your experience th pace

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5
Q

Topophilia

A

strong attachment to a place

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6
Q

topophobia

A

dread or adverse reaction to place

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7
Q

endogenous factors

A

the local, internal characteristics which makes up a place’s identity

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8
Q

Location

A

refers to where the place is, eg rural/urban. The location determines a place’s function

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9
Q

topography

A

the shape of the landscape, eg flat, valley or hillside. topography affects land=use

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10
Q

physical geography

A

the environmental features of a place, eg rock0type, altitude

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11
Q

Land-use

A

human activities on land eg farming, industry leisure

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12
Q

Infrastructure

A

The environment built by humans, eg structures for transport (train lines)

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13
Q

Demographics

A

the statistical characteristics of human populations, such as age, race and income

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14
Q

Census

A 
counts the population of people in a place and records information on their characteristics such as:
age
sex
employment 
education
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15
Q

exogenous factors

A

the external influences on a place’s identity, they are caused by a place’s relationship with other places

these relationships are flows:
people
resources
money/investment
ideas/info
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16
Q

placeless places

A

places that lack diversity and are impersonal, meaning no one identifies with them

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17
Q

Urban regeneration

A

an attempt to reverse industrial decline by improving the physical structure and economy of the area

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18
Q

westernisation

A

a process whereby societies come under/adopt western cultures in areas such as fashion, industry, diet and lifestyle

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19
Q

hybridisation

A

the process whereby a cultural element blends into another culture by modifying an element to fit cultural norms

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20
Q

Gentrification

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A

process where wealthier people move into, renovate and restore houses/businesses in inner cities/deteriorated areas formerly home to poorer people

21
Q

Agglormeration

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A

where industries of the same focus eg automobiles accumulate in a specific urban area to make use of its advantages

22
Q

Production side theory

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A

post-war suburban areas had lower rents creating a flow of money and people into those areas. urban areas were abandoned and their value decreased.

23
Q

Rent gap theory

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A

The inequality between the lands current use and value and its potential use and value. Developers see potential in redeveloping the area – closing the rent gap. This drives up rent/mortgage prices

24
Q

consumption side theory

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A

characterised observation whereby gentrifiers enjoy and demand arts/leisure facilities which the newly gentrified place provides

25
Change from 'steel belt' to 'rust belt'
Parts of the city of Michigan like Detroit were industrialised, working in coal fields and the iron ore industry - steel belt poor city management, white flight and competition from abroad led to the decline in industries in the mid-west - rust belt
26
ethnic make-up and wealth in Detroit
82% of residents in the city of Detroit are African-American, median household income = $27,000. 85% of residents in Grosse Pointe Park are white, median household income = $101,000.
27
what are the 3 main external forces that influence place
government policy multinational corporations national institutes
28
China's 1 child policy
introduced in 1979 couples only allowed 1 child prevented 400 million births will lead to gender imbalance in 2030, 30 million more men than women
29
how did France mitigate population decline
offered cash incentives to mothers who stayed home to look after their children pension schemes for mothers childcare was made free, wealthy families could pay max of 500 a month for the 'best healthcare'
30
Turkish economic migrants in Germany
1961, Germany signed labour recruitment agreement with Turkey some workers stayed behind - started families Turkish culture/food are widely known/consumed throughout Germany
31
London Docklands redevelopment
Docklands was experiencing population + employment decline government created enterprise zone offering grants to attract investment 22,000 new houses built. 1000s of new jobs created.
32
Representation of place Stats pros + cons
Census data provides quantitative info about a place through graphs, charts and raw data States can be manipulated in a subjective manner to make you think a certain way
33
Representation of place maps pros + cons
could be used to provide data for a specific place eg proportional circles maps may be misleading eg may be outdated
34
Representation of place films, pictures, art pros + cons
photos tell you what a place looks like and feels can create a sense of place photos are subjective and films are manipulated to fit the storyline
35
Representation of place stories, music, poetry pros + cons
they all evoke a sense of place from the composers view information is subjective and could greatly contrast each other
36
how do governments influence representation of place
locally and nationally attract people/investment to places
37
how do corporate bodies influence representation of place
generate profit for a specific reason eg tourism
38
how do communities influence representation of place
improve the economy/lives of local people eg by holding food festivals
39
why did some parts of the UK need rural rebranding
rural areas could not maximise their income from their primary sector employment in the post-industrial economy rural areas close to major cities are ideal for commuters and retired people- people move out of cities into rural areas
40
define near place
geographically close to where a person lives
41
define far place
geographically distant from where a person lives
42
where is Wembley located + vague function
located within the NW borough of London, Brent, England | residential and commercial use
43
where is Lerwick located + vague function
located on the east coast of the Shetland Islands, 200km north of the mainland Main port town of the Shetland Islands
44
topography, function of Wembley
flat topography ideal for structures like the Wembley stadium and terraced housing
45
topography, function of Lerwick
hilly topography makes shorter buildings more feasible | located on the Bressay sound the harbour is ideal for trade, shipping and primary industries like fishing
46
``` Wembley Population Population growth Median age Gender M:F ```
102,856 (2011 census) +2.5% 2011-17 32 52:47
47
``` Lerwick Population Population growth Median age Gender M:F ```
7326 (2011 census) +0.2% 2011=17 41 51`;49
48
Culture in Wembley + 1 concern
culturally diverse compared to the national average 1 concern may be the 52% whose first language isn't English, puts pressure on education system and communication is harder
49
Culture in Lerwick + 1 concern
less culturally diverse compared to Wembley, but very integrated within their local culture suggesting a strong sense of place 1 concern may be the lack of diversity, is it unappealing to younger gens - aids depopulation

Human Geography (6 decks)

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