topic 2: lesson 2 Flashcards
(31 cards)
the following structures comprise the main regions of the brain
-brain stem= medulla oblongata, pons & mid brain
-diencephalon= thalamus & hypothalamus
-cerebellum
-cerebrum
medulla oblongata location
continuation of spinal cord
forms lower region of the brain stem
several cranial nerves arise here
medulla oblongata functions
Has an important role in automatically adjusting body functions, as it contains the:
Cardiac centre – regulates rate and force of heartbeat
Respiratory centre – controls rate and depth of breathing
Vasomotor centre – regulates diameter of blood vessels.
Contains reflex centers for swallowing, choking, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, etc.
All centres in the medulla oblongata are influenced and controlled by higher centres in the brain, particularly the hypothalamus
hypothalamus location
part of diencephalon
sits above piturity gland
controls many body activities - particulary homeostasis
hypothalamus functions
Controlling the autonomic nervous system (involuntary signals)
Secretion of hormones and coordination of parts of the endocrine system
Body temperature
cerebellum location
The outer folded part = grey matter
Inner part = white matter which branches to all parts of the cerebellum
lies under the rear part of cerebrum
cerebellum function
co-ordinates signals - also known as secretary of the brain.
Co-ordinates fine, controlled motor movement,
Controls muscle tone – i.e. posture and balance
Stores memory for habitual actions.
corpus callosum location
A broad band of nerve fibers located beneath the cerebrum, at the bottom of the space that separates the two brain hemispheres.
corpus collosum function
Nerve fibres in the corpus callosum cross from one hemisphere to the other, allowing the 2 sides of the brain to communicate.
cerebrum location
It consists of an outer surface of grey matter known as the cerebral cortex
biggest part of brain
what are tracts in the cerebrum
bundles of myelinated nerve fibers which is white matter inside the CNS
three types of tracts in the white matter of the brain:
- Tracts that connect various areas within the same hemisphere
- Tracts that carry impulses between the hemispheres
- Tracts that connect the cortex to other parts of the brain or spinal cord.
deep inside the cortec is more grey matter called
the basal ganglia
-groups of nerve cell bodies associated with control of our skeletal muscles
folding of the cortex =
gyri and sulci
- greatly increases SA
gyri =
ridges
sulci=
grooves
there are some deeper grooves then sulci called
fissures
what do certain fissures and sulci do?
used to divide each hemisphere into 4 lobes
longitudinal fissure =
deepest
-separates the L and r hemispheres
-at its base is the corpus callosum which joins the 2 hemispheres
transverse fissure=
visible at back of brain- separates the cerebrum and cerebellum
lobes within the cerebrum
-frontal (movement + smarts)
-parietal (sensory)
-temporal (hearing)
-occipital (vision)
-insula (emotions)
what does the frontal lobe contain
contains the premotor and primary motor cortex responsible for voluntary control of muscles (pre-central gyrus)
frontal lobe is responsible for
judgement, emotions, motivation and memory
what does the parietal lobe contain
the primary sensory strip (post central gyrus) that receives impulses from the skin and muscles
and sensory association areas- which interpret those impulses
