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BMS181 > Topic 2: Major Themes in Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Topic 2: Major Themes in Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera.

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2
Q

What is anabolism?

A

Assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules.

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3
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

Standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body.

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4
Q

What is anatomy?

A

Science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structures.

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5
Q

What does anterior mean?

A

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as ventral.

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6
Q

What is the anterior cavity?

A

Larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as ventral cavity.

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7
Q

What is catabolism?

A

Breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules.

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8
Q

What does caudal mean?

A

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail; also referred to as inferior.

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9
Q

What is a cell?

A

Smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles.

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10
Q

What is computed tomography (CT)?

A

Medical imaging technique in which a computer-enhanced cross-sectional X-ray image is obtained.

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11
Q

What is a control center?

A

Compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector.

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12
Q

What does cranial mean?

A

Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as superior.

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13
Q

What is the cranial cavity?

A

Division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain.

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14
Q

What does deep mean?

A

Describes a position farther from the surface of the body.

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15
Q

What is development?

A

Changes an organism goes through during its life.

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16
Q

What is differentiation?

A

Process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function.

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17
Q

What does distal mean?

A

Describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.

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18
Q

What does dorsal mean?

A

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as posterior.

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19
Q

What is the dorsal cavity?

A

Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as the posterior body cavity.

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20
Q

What is an effector?

A

Organ that can cause a change in a value.

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21
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

Two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions.

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22
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

Study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to as macroscopic anatomy.

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23
Q

What is growth?

A

Process of increasing in size.

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24
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain.

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25
What does inferior mean?
Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail; also referred to as caudal.
26
What does lateral mean?
Describes the side or direction toward the side of the body.
27
What is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?
Medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field to obtain detailed sectional images of the internal structures of the body.
28
What does medial mean?
Describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body.
29
What is metabolism?
Sum of all of the body’s chemical reactions.
30
What is microscopic anatomy?
Study of very small structures of the body using magnification.
31
What is negative feedback?
Homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body’s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed.
32
What is the normal range?
Range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center.
33
What is a nutrient?
Chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival.
34
What is an organ?
Functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues.
35
What is an organ system?
Group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function.
36
What is an organism?
Living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life.
37
What is the pericardium?
Sac that encloses the heart.
38
What is the peritoneum?
Serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there.
39
What is physiology?
Science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body’s functions.
40
What is a plane in anatomy?
Imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body.
41
What is the pleura?
Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs.
42
What is positive feedback?
Mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus.
43
What is positron emission tomography (PET)?
Medical imaging technique in which radiopharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiological functions in tissues.
44
What does posterior mean?
Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal.
45
What is the posterior cavity?
Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as dorsal cavity.
46
What is pressure?
Force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance.
47
What does prone mean?
Face down.
48
What does proximal mean?
Describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.
49
What is regional anatomy?
Study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions.
50
What is renewal?
Process by which worn-out cells are replaced.
51
What is reproduction?
Process by which new organisms are generated.
52
What is responsiveness?
Ability of an organism or a system to adjust to changes in conditions.
53
What is the sagittal plane?
Two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides.
54
What is a section in anatomy?
In anatomy, a single flat surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut through.
55
What is a sensor?
(Also, receptor) Reports a monitored physiological value to the control center.
56
What is serosa?
Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serous membrane.
57
What is a serous membrane?
Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serosa.
58
What is a set point?
Ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful.
59
What is the spinal cavity?
Division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; also referred to as vertebral cavity.
60
What does superficial mean?
Describes a position nearer to the surface of the body.
61
What does superior mean?
Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as cranial.
62
What does supine mean?
Face up.
63
What is systemic anatomy?
Study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems.
64
What is the thoracic cavity?
Division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea.
65
What is a tissue?
Group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function.
66
What is the transverse plane?
Two-dimensional, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions.
67
What is ultrasonography?
Application of ultrasonic waves to visualize subcutaneous body structures such as tendons and organs.
68
What does ventral mean?
Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as anterior.
69
What is the ventral cavity?
Larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as anterior body cavity.
70
What is an X-ray?
Form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases; used in medicine as a diagnostic aid to visualize body structures such as bones.

BMS181 (6 decks)

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