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Physics > Topic 2 - Motion and forces > Flashcards

Topic 2 - Motion and forces Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What is the main difference between scalar and vector quantities?

A

Scalar quantities - size but no direction

Vector quanitites - size and direction

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2
Q

Give 6 examples of vector quantities

A 
1- force 
2- velocity
3- displacement
4- weight
5- acceleration
6- momentum
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3
Q

Give 6 examples of scalar quantities

A
  1. Speed
  2. Distance
  3. Mass
  4. energy
  5. Temperature
  6. Time
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4
Q

Define velocity

A

Speed in a given direction

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5
Q
  1. a) Whats the formula to work out speed?

b) - rearrange the formula to work out distance

A

a) speed = distance/time

b) distance = speed * time

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6
Q

A curve on a distance-time graph represents…

A

acceleration

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7
Q

On a distance-time graph, the gradient at any point gives is the…

A

speed of the object

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8
Q

Whats the 1st formula to work out acceleration?

A

a= v-u/t

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9
Q

Whats the 2nd formula to work out acceleration?

A

v squared - u squared = 2ax

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10
Q

On a velocity time graph, the gradient is equal to…

A

acceleration

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11
Q

On a velocity-time graph, a curve means…

A

changing acceleration

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12
Q

What does the area under a velocity-time graph tell us?

A

The distance travelled

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13
Q

What is the typical speed of walking?

A

1.4 m/s

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14
Q

What is the typical speed of running?

A

3 m/s

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15
Q

What is the typical speed of cycling?

A

5.5 m/s

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16
Q

What is the typical speed of wind?

A

5 - 20 m/s

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17
Q

What is the typical speed of sound in air?

A

340 m/s

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18
Q

What is the typical speed of cars in a built-up area?

A

13 m/s

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19
Q

What is the typical speed of cars on a motorway?

A

31 m/s

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20
Q

What is the typical speed of trains?

A

up to 55 m/s

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21
Q

Acceleration for objects in free fall is …. (the same as the value for gravitational field strength)

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A

10 m/s squared

22
Q

(Newtons first law - part 1)

If the resultant force on a stationary object is zero, it will remain …..

23
Q

(Newtons first law - Part 2)

If the resultant force on a moving object is zero, itll just carry on moving at the ……

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A

same velocity

24
Q

What is newtons second law and what is the equation that shows this?

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A

Acceleration is proportional to the resultant force

f = ma

25
Define 'weight' and recall the equation to work out weight?
The force acting on an object due to gravity w= m*g
26
How is weight measured?
using a newtonmeter
27
If the gravitational field strength changed, that means the weight of an object would .... (change?/stay the same?)
change
28
In the trolley experiment, what is the reason that the trolley accelerates
The force caused by the hanging mass attached to the trolley causes it to accelerate
29
Why is a length of card placed on the trolley?
To interrupt the light gate beams. which will be measuring the speed of the trolley
30
If an object travelling in a circle is constantly changing velocity, what does this tell us?
The objects accelerating
31
What is the resultant force called that keeps something moving in a circle?
The centripetal force
32
What does inertial mass measure and how can we work it out?
How difficult it is to change the velocity of an object m = f/a (rearranged formula f= ma)
33
What is Newtons third law?
When two objects interact, the forced they exert on each other are equal and opposite
34
How can newtons third law be applied in an equilibrium situation?
For a book on a desk, the pair of forces due to Newtons third law is: 1. The book is pulled down its weight due to gravity - the book pulls back up on the earth 2. The normal contact force from the table pushing up on a book and the normal contact force from the book pushing down on the table
35
Newtons third law explains the conservation of ....
momentum
36
What is the formula to work out momentum?
p = mv
37
Use a collision between a white and red ball to describe the conservation of momentum?
1- Before the collision, the white ball would be moving with a velocity so it has a momentum above 0, but the red ball has no velocity 2- After the collison, The red ball now has collision but the white ball would be moving slower and so it would have a smaller momentum. 3. The combined momentum of the red and white ball after the collision is equal to the momentum of the white ball before the collision
38
What is the formula that relates force, and momentum
force = final momentum - initial momentum / time
39
Define acceleration?
change in velocity in a given time
40
What are two ways of testing reaction times?
1. Computer-based tests | 2. Ruler drop test
41
What can you do to make the rule drop test a fair test?
1. Have a third person to be at eye level with the ruler 2. Repeat experiment a lot of times and find average 3. Keep other variables the same (use same ruler for each repeat and have the same person dropping it)
42
Stopping distance =....
thinking distance + braking distance
43
What is thinking distance affected by? (2 factors)
1. Your reaction time | 2. Your speed
44
What is braking distance affected by? (4 factors)
1. Your speed 2. Mass of car 3. Condition of the brakes 4. How much friction there is between your tyres and the road
45
What can affect reaction time?
Tiredness, alcohol, drugs or distractions
46
Why can large decelerations be dangerous?
They require a large force
47
How can large decelerations in cars be prevented?
by slowing the car down over a long period of time
48
the brakes of a car do work on the cars wheels, so when the car stops: energy in the car's kinetic energy store = work done by the brakes Explain this equation
To stop a car, the brakes must transfer ALL of its kinetic energy
49
Define thinking distance?
The distance a car travels during the drivers reaction time
50
Define braking distance?
The distance taken to stop once the brakes have been applied

Physics (13 decks)

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