Topic 2 Nature Of Crimes

Question 1

In the Middle Ages what was a criminal defined as?

Answer 1

Someone who ‘disturbed the kings peace’

Question 2

What type of offences did Norman laws highlight in the Middle Ages?

Answer 2

Against crown and church

Question 3

What were 5 crimes in the Middle Ages?

Answer 3

Treason
Revolt
Heresy
Blasphemy
Sheltering criminals

Question 4

What were 5 crimes particular to the Middle Ages?

Answer 4

Forest laws
Scolding
Treason
Outlaw gangs
Rebellions

Question 5

What were the Forest Laws in the Middle Ages?

Answer 5

No hunting, cutting down trees in kings forest = his property

Question 6

What was scolding in the Middle Ages?

Answer 6

Use of Offensive language in public

Question 7

What was treason in the Middle Ages?

Answer 7

Defying authority, included king and husband (head of family)

Question 8

What were outlaw gangs in the Middle Ages?

Answer 8

criminals on the run, ambushed travellers and robbed houses

Question 9

What was heresy in the Middle Ages?

Answer 9

Spreading false Christian beliefs

Question 10

What were 2 examples of rebellions against royal authority during the Middle Ages?

Answer 10

Peasants Revolt 1381
Cornish rebellion 1497

Question 11

What were 3 crimes in the 16th century/early modern era?

Answer 11

Vagrancy
Heresy
Treason

Question 12

What was there an increase in the number of during the 16th century?

Answer 12

Vagrants

Question 13

What was the estimated number of vagabonds in Elizabethan England?

Answer 13

10,000

Question 14

When did religious disputes become more important?

Answer 14

After Protestant reformation

Question 15

What happened to those refusing to accept the split with the Catholic Church under Henry VIII?

Answer 15

Executed

Question 16

How many Protestants did Mary I order the burning of?

Answer 16

Over 280

Question 17

What law did Henry VIII issue after creating himself as head of the church?

Answer 17

Treason Law 1534

Question 18

What 3 things did the Treason Law say made someone guilty of treason?

Answer 18

• Said/wrote things against king/his wife/heirs or displayed support for pope
• said beliefs of King went against church teachings or said king using power unjustly
• kept silent when questioned on rights/authority of king

Question 19

How was the treason law extended during the reign of Elizabeth I?

Answer 19

Anyone who said she was not rightful queen = guilty of treason

Question 20

What was an example of a serious act of treason in the early modern era?

Answer 20

Gunpowder plot 1605

Question 21

What were 2 crimes in the 18th century?

Answer 21

Smuggling
Highway robbery

Question 22

What was smuggling?

Answer 22

Smuggling goods illegally into country, selling officially on black market, made criminals lot of money, sell goods cheaper than in shops/markets

Question 23

How many people did smuggling gangs employ?

Answer 23

50 - 100

Question 24

What were the 5 specific roles in smuggling gangs?

Answer 24

Venturer (investor)
Spotsman (directed ships to shore)
Lander (arranged unloading smuggled cargo)
Tubsman (carried goods)
Batsman (protected tubsman)

Question 25

What was the **increase in smuggling caused by**?

Answer 25

**Increased custom duties** and **lack of policing coasts**

Question 26

Why did **smuggling decline**?

Answer 26

**Gov reduced duties, made smuggling unprofitable**

Question 27

Who were **footpads**?

Answer 27

**Robbers who attacked pedestrians on foot**

Question 28

What did **mounted highwaymen do**?

Answer 28

**Hold up coaches and riders**, often **armed** and **worked in pairs**

Question 29

Who was an **example** of a **highwayman** that was **glamorised by newspapers**?

Answer 29

**Dick Turpin**

Question 30

What were **3 reasons highway robbery declined as the end of the 18th century**?

Answer 30

**Busier roads** **Horse patrol** in **London** set up, **guard main roads** **Banknotes could be traced**

Question 31

What were **2 types of crime** during the **Industrial Revolution**?

Answer 31

**Urban crime- theft** **Protest crime**

Question 32

What were **rookeries**?

Answer 32

**Certain areas of growing towns/cities notorious for criminal activity**

Question 33

What was an **example of a London rookery**

Answer 33

**St Giles**

Question 34

What was the **nickname** for someone who **stole pocket watches from their chains**?

Answer 34

**Thimble-screwers**

Question 35

What was the **nickname** for someone who **stole pins and brooches from women**?

Answer 35

**Prop-nailers**

Question 36

What was the **nickname** for someone who **stole goods or luggage from carts and coaches**?

Answer 36

**Drag-sneaks**

Question 37

What **caused** the **outbreak of protests, violence and criminal activity between 1790 and 1840**?

Answer 37

**Poor living and low wages, demands for political reform**

Question 38

When were the **luddites**?

Answer 38

**1813**

Question 39

What did the **Luddites do and protest over**?

Answer 39

**Attacks** on **factory machines** in **northern England**, **handloom weavers** protest over **new factory-based machine-woven cloth**

Question 40

When were the **swing riots**?

Answer 40

**1830-31**

Question 41

What did the **agricultural labourers** in the **swing riots do and protest over**?

Answer 41

**Set fire to hayricks** and **smashed machines**, angry about **poverty** and **farm machinery introduced**

Question 42

What were the **Rebecca Riots**?

Answer 42

**Gangs of poor farmers disguised as women attacked toll gates in south west wales**

Question 43

What were the **poor farmers in the Rebecca Riots angry about**?

Answer 43

**Increased rents, tithe payments and tolls**

Question 44

Why might have **crime figures risen sharply since 1900**?

Answer 44

**Better reporting and recording of crime**

Question 45

What are **7 20th and 21st century crimes**?

Answer 45

Car crime Computer crime Terrorism Hate crime Hooliganism Drug related Gun and knife

Question 46

What were **3 laws** introduced to **regularise motorised transport** due to the **increase in the number of cars**?

Answer 46

**Speed limits** **Breathalyser** **Banning use mobile phones while driving**

Question 47

What are **6 cybercrimes**?

Answer 47

**Cyber bullying** **Sexual crimes** (child grooming) **Copyright infringement** (illegally downloading) **Hacking** **Phishing scams** **Identity theft**

Question 48

What are **6 examples of methods** used by **terrorists to push their political demands**?

Answer 48

Hijackings Assassinations Taking hostages Bombings Suicide attacks Arson attacks

Question 49

What is an **example of an IRA bombing**?

Answer 49

**Arndale shopping centre in Manchester in 1996**

Question 50

What were the **7/7 attacks in 2005 London**?

Answer 50

**Series of coordinated suicide bomb attacks on public transport network**, linked to **al-Qaeda**

Question 51

What are **hooligans often members of**?

Answer 51

**Gangs**

Question 52

When did **football hooliganism** become a **particular problem**?

Answer 52

**1970s and 80s**

Question 53

What was an **example of football hooliganism in 1985**?

Answer 53

**Fighting between British and Italian fans** caused **wall to collapse** in Heysel stadium Belgium, **killed 38 people**

Question 54

What is **drug trafficking**?

Answer 54

**Planes, boats, trucks, people (mules)** used by **gangs** to **smuggle illegal drugs into uk**

Question 55

How do **drug gangs operate**?

Answer 55

**On own ‘turf’, use violence to protect patch from rival gangs**

Question 56

What is **gun and knife crime often linked to**?

Answer 56

**Juvenile gangs in urban areas**