Topic 5 Methods Of Punishment

Question 1

What happened if someone was accused of a crime in the medieval era?

Answer 1

Faced trial by local jury (men in village), if no decision faced trial by ordeal

Question 2

What were 4 trial by ordeals?

Answer 2

Trial by hot iron
Trial by hot water
Trial by cold water
Trial by blessed bread

Question 3

What was trial by blessed bread?

Answer 3

If accused choked on bread given by priest = guilty

Question 4

What was wergild in medieval times?

Answer 4

Compensation paid to victims of crime or families

Question 5

What was corporal punishment?

Answer 5

Physical punishment

Question 6

What were 3 types of corporal punishment used in medieval era and continued into early modern era?

Answer 6

Flogging
Stocks and pillory
Mutilation

Question 7

What were 2 ways beggars were punished in medieval times?

Answer 7

Publicly flogged
Branded with hot iron

Question 8

What crimes were stocks and pillory used to punish in medieval times?

Answer 8

Minor- drunkenness, swearing, dishonest trading

Question 9

What punishment was continued from the medieval era to the nineteenth century?

Answer 9

Public executions

Question 10

What were 4 crimes that could receive the death penalty in the early modern era?

Answer 10

Murder
Treason
Persistent theft
Begging

Question 11

What is an example of someone who was hung, drawn and quartered for treason in the early modern era?

Answer 11

Guy Fawkes

Question 12

What was an example of 2 heretics being burned at the stake by Mary Tudor?

Answer 12

Protestant bishops, Ridley and Latimer

Question 13

What were capital crimes?

Answer 13

Crime punishable by death penalty

Question 14

What was the bloody code?

Answer 14

By 1815, 225 crimes punishable by death

Question 15

What was an example of a place where public executions took place?

Answer 15

Tyburn London

Question 16

When did North America no longer become an option for transportation?

Answer 16

From 1770s

Question 17

What were Hulks?

Answer 17

Ships used as emergency prisons

Question 18

What were the conditions on overcrowded hulks?

Answer 18

25% prisoners died from unclean environment or violent outbreaks

Question 19

What was the first fleet of convicts to arrive in Australia (3 things)?

Answer 19

11 ships at Sydney Cove 1788

Question 20

How many convicts were transported to Australia each year on average?

Answer 20

2000

Question 21

What happened to convicts who did not conform in the penal colony?

Answer 21

Sent to work in chain gangs or whipped with cat ‘o’ nine tails

Question 22

How could transported convicts be released early?

Answer 22

Conditional release granted after 5 years of sentence, could not return to Britain

Question 23

Why did transportation end by the mid 19th century?

Answer 23

Growing resentment from Australia being used as dumping ground

Question 24

What were 3 features of the separate system?

Answer 24

Kept in individual cells to work, pray, visits by clergymen
Only left cells for exercise or religious services
Put to work- made boots, mats, prison clothes

Question 25

By the **1850s, how many prisons used the separate system**?

Answer 25

**Over 50**

Question 26

What was a **famous prison** that used the **separate system**?

Answer 26

**Pentonville** prison in **London** - built with **five wings radiating from central point, aim to give prisoners time to reflect on mistakes**

Question 27

What were **3 features of the silent system**?

Answer 27

**Prisoners could eat and exercise together** **Prison life as unpleasant as possible** **Pointless work- crank, shot drill, treadmill**

Question 28

What was the **aim of the silent system**?

Answer 28

**Make prisoners hate prison life so much they would not reoffend**

Question 29

What were **3 reasons both the separate and silent system failed**?

Answer 29

**High reoffending rates** **High suicide and insanity rates** **Expensive**

Question 30

What **resulted in changes to imprisonment in the modern era**?

Answer 30

**Abolition of corporal and capital punishment**

Question 31

**When were Borstals set up** and **who were they used to punish**?

Answer 31

**1908, 15-21 year olds**

Question 32

What was the **purpose of Borstals**?

Answer 32

**Strict rules, designed to educate**

Question 33

When were **Borstals abolished**?

Answer 33

**1982**

Question 34

**When were young offenders institutes set up** and **who were they used to punish**?

Answer 34

**1988, reform violent young offenders 18-21**

Question 35

What did **young offenders institutes have for those up to age of 17**?

Answer 35

**Secure training centres** focus on **education and rehabilitation**

Question 36

When were **open prisons set up** and **who were they used to punish**?

Answer 36

**After WW2, non violent prisoners with low risk of escaping**

Question 37

What was the **aim of open prisons**?

Answer 37

**Resettle prisoners into community**

Question 38

Why were **alternatives to prisons introduced in the modern era**?

Answer 38

**Prisons expensive and overcrowded, difficult to reform or rehabilitate**

Question 39

What were **4 alternatives to prisons in the modern era**?

Answer 39

**Probation** **Parole** **Community service** **Electronic tagging**

Question 40

When was **community service introduced**?

Answer 40

**1972**

Question 41

When was **parole introduced**?

Answer 41

**1967**

Question 42

What is **parole**?

Answer 42

**Allow prisoners early release for good behaviour, follow set of orders**

Question 43

When was **probation introduced**?

Answer 43

**1907**

Question 44

What is **probation**?

Answer 44

**Offenders keep in touch with probation officer, report regularly to police**, from **1980s attend courses to discuss issues + get help**

Question 45

What were **bridewells**?

Answer 45

**Houses of correction in early modern era**

Question 46

What was **jail fever**?

Answer 46

**Typhus, spread in jails in 18th century**

Question 47

Who were **3 individuals who called for prison reform in the industrial era**?

Answer 47

**John Howard** **G.O. Paul** **Elizabeth Fry**

Question 48

What were **3 findings of John Howard** when he carried out a **survey of prisons**?

Answer 48

**Prisoners forced to stay in prison as could not pay fees** **Not separated by types of crime** **Died from jail fever**

Question 49

What **3 reforms did John Howard propose for prisons**?

Answer 49

**Reform criminals** **Clergymen regularly visit** **Solitary confinement**

Question 50

What **3 things was Paul’s new jail designed for**?

Answer 50

**Security- polygonal, high wall around** **Health- checked new prisoners for disease, exercise yard, good ventilation** **Separation**

Question 51

What did **Elizabeth Fry form in 1817**?

Answer 51

**Association for the improvement of women’s prisons in Newgate**

Question 52

What did **Elizabeth Fry introduce (3 things) in Newgate Prison**?

Answer 52

**Female warders, schools for women and their children, needlework**

Question 53

What did the **1823 jails act do (3 things)**?

Answer 53

**JPs inspect prison conditions on regular basis, jailers salaried, prisoners follow reform programme**