Topic 2-organisation

Question 1

what is a tissue

Answer 1

a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function

Question 2

what are organs

Answer 2

a group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function

Question 3

what is an organ system

Answer 3

a group of organs that work together to perform a particular function

Question 4

what are enzymes

Answer 4

biological catalysts

Question 5

what is a catalyst

Answer 5

a catalyst is a substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being used up itself

Question 6

what does the mouth produce

Answer 6

saliva

Question 7

what does the mouth do to food

Answer 7

chews food

Question 8

what does the mouth have

Answer 8

an enzyme that digests carbohydrates

Question 9

what does the stomach contain

Answer 9

HCL

Question 10

what do stomach muscles do

Answer 10

churn food

Question 11

what does the liver produce

Answer 11

bile

Question 12

where is bile stored

Answer 12

gallbladder

Question 13

what does bile do

Answer 13

neutralises stomach acid and helps emulsify fats

Question 14

what does the pancreas produce and where is it used

Answer 14

enzymes that are used in the stomach and small intestine

Question 15

what happens in the small intestine

Answer 15

nutrients are absorbed into the blood

Question 16

what happens in the large intestine

Answer 16

water is absorbed into the blood stream

Question 17

what does the rectum do

Answer 17

stores faeces

Question 18

what does the anus do

Answer 18

releases faeces

Question 19

what is another word for starch

Answer 19

carbohydrate

Question 20

what is starch

Answer 20

a huge molecule

Question 21

what is the huge starch molecule made of

Answer 21

sugars

Question 22

what is the large starch molecule broken down into

Answer 22

glucose (sugar)

Question 23

what are fibrous proteins

Answer 23

structural function eg muscle

Question 24

what is globular protein

Answer 24

hormones catalysts

Question 25

where are enzymes secreted by

Answer 25

pancreas small intestine salivary gland

Question 26

what does amylase do

Answer 26

amylase breaks down starch into sugars

Question 27

what does protease do

Answer 27

protease breaks down proteins into ammino acids

Question 28

what does lipase do

Answer 28

lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 29

how are active sites DENATURED

Answer 29

by changed in temp/ph

Question 30

what happens if the active site is denatured

Answer 30

the substrate cannot bind to the enzyme

Question 31

which side of the heart has thicker muscles and why

Answer 31

the left side to push the blood around the body

Question 32

what is to be noted about diagrams of the heart

Answer 32

the left is on the right and the right is on the left

Question 33

what does the heart need for itself

Answer 33

its own blood supply of oxygenated blood

Question 34

how does the heart get its own blood supply what does it have

Answer 34

the heart has coronary arteries that branch off the aorta

Question 35

where does deoxygenated blood first enter the right side and where from

Answer 35

deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium from the vena cava

Question 36

what happens as the right atrium fills

Answer 36

pressure in the right atrium increases

Question 37

what does the pressure in the right artium cause

Answer 37

the AV valves to open

Question 38

what happens when the av valves open on right side

Answer 38

right ventricle fills with blood

Question 39

what happens when the right ventricle fills

Answer 39

ventricular muscle contracts causing av valves close and semilunar / tricuspid valves open

Question 40

how does blood leave the right ventricle and where does it go

Answer 40

blood leaves the right ventricle via the pulmonary artery to lungs to get oxygen

Question 41

where does oxygenated blood enter in the heart and where from

Answer 41

oxygenated blood enters the left atrium from the pulmonary vein

Question 42

what happens as the left atrium fills up

Answer 42

pressure in the atrium increases

Question 43

what does pressure in the left atrium cause

Answer 43

av valves to open

Question 44

where does blood now flow to from left atrium

Answer 44

left ventricle

Question 45

what does the filling up of the left ventricle cause

Answer 45

ventricular muscles contract closing av valves opening semilunar / bicuspid valves

Question 46

where does blood leave the left ventricle from and where to

Answer 46

oxygènated blood leaves the left ventricle via the aorta to the rest of the body

Question 47

the left side pumps blood at a high pressure what does it have

Answer 47

more muscles

Question 48

what pressure do arteries carry blood at

Answer 48

arteries carry blood at a high pressure

Question 49

what do arteries have to deal with the high pressure

Answer 49

thick layer of muscle to maintain blood flow

Question 50

what do arteries have that is smooth and why

Answer 50

a smooth endothelium so bloood can flow with no blockages

Question 51

what is the lumen like on arteries and why

Answer 51

narrow lumen to maintain blood pressure

Question 52

what is blood pressure like in veins

Answer 52

low blood pressure

Question 53

what is vein lumen like

Answer 53

large lumen

Question 54

what is the layer of muscle like in veins and why

Answer 54

thin layer of muscle because blood is not at such a high pressure as arteries

Question 55

what do veins have that arteries dont and why

Answer 55

veins have valves do keep blood flowing in the right direction

Question 56

what do capillaries allow

Answer 56

gas exchange in lungs and tissues

Question 57

where are capillaries found

Answer 57

betweeen arteries and veins

Question 58

why do capillaries have a thin cell wall why is this benificial

Answer 58

increase the rate of diffusion by decreasing the distance it has to occur across

Question 59

what do capillaries have instead of muscle

Answer 59

a nucleus

Question 60

where do they carry blood close to and why

Answer 60

they carry blood close to every cell for gas exchange

Question 61

what do they have permeable walls for

Answer 61

so substances can diffuse

Question 62

what diffuses in and out of cappuccino

Answer 62

in co2 and waste out food and oxygen

Question 63

what are the four main parts that make up blood

Answer 63

red blood cells white blood cells platelets plasma

Question 64

why do red blood cells have a disk shape

Answer 64

to increase surface area

Question 65

how else do red blood cells increase their surface area

Answer 65

they have no nucleus

Question 66

how does oxygen bind to red blood cells

Answer 66

haemoglobin

Question 67

what is it called when oxygen binds to haemoglobin

Answer 67

oxyhemoglobin

Question 68

what can white blood cells do to their cell membranes

Answer 68

extend them to engulf pathogens

Question 69

what do white blood cells produce and why

Answer 69

enzymes to break down pathogens

Question 70

what are platelets

Answer 70

small fragments of cells they have no nucleus

Question 71

what do platelets form

Answer 71

positive blood clots

Question 72

what activates platelets

Answer 72

chemicals

Question 73

what does a lack of platelets result in

Answer 73

excessive bleeding and bruising

Question 74

what is plasma

Answer 74

the fluid component of blood in it rbc wbc and platelets are suspended in its pale liquid

Question 75

what does plasma carry

Answer 75

``` rbc wbc nutrients glucose amino acids co2 urea hormones proteins antibodies antitoxins ```

Question 76

what are some risk factors of non communicable diseases

Answer 76

smoking alcohol obesity exposure to radiation

Question 77

what is transpiration

Answer 77

the loss of water from a plant