Topic 2.1 and 2.6 Vocab

Question 1

tariff

Answer 1

tax on imported goods

Question 2

Vasco de Gama

Answer 2

a Portuguese explorer and navigator who in 1498 was the first European to directly reach India by sailing around Africa

Question 3

Boers

Answer 3

Dutch farmers who settled in Cape Town and eventually migrated inland

Question 4

free enterprise system

Answer 4

An economic system aka capitalism, in which private businesses are able to compete with each other with little control by government. Products, prices, and services are driven by free-market laws of supply and demand rather than government regulations

Question 5

price revolution

Answer 5

a period in European history when inflation rose rapidly

Question 6

entrepreneur

Answer 6

a person who assumes financial risk in the hope of making a profit

Question 7

capitalism

Answer 7

an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit

Question 8

inflation

Answer 8

economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available

Question 9

Mombasa

Answer 9

a city in southeastern Kenya, located on a small coastal island

Question 10

Columbian exchange

Answer 10

the global exchange of goods, ideas, plants, and animals and disease that began with Columbus’ exploration of the Americas

Question 11

mercantilism

Answer 11

policy by which a nation sought to export more goods than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver

Question 12

Moluccas

Answer 12

an island chain in present-day Indonesia, which Europeans in the 1400s called the Spice Islands

Question 13

Cape Town

Answer 13

the first permanent European settlement in Africa

Question 14

circumnavigate

Answer 14

to travel completely around the world

Question 15

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 15

killed in 1521 in present-day Philippines, but his original crew continued and was first to circumnavigate the world

Question 16

Prince Henry

Answer 16

raised money for expeditions and established a base for explorers in Sagres

Question 17

Malindi

Answer 17

East African coastal city and hub of international trade, attacked in the 1400s by Portuguese explorers to expel the Arabs

Question 18

Line of Demarcation

Answer 18

boundary set by the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing the non-European world into 2 zones, one controlled by Spain and the other by Portugal

Question 19

cartographer

Answer 19

a person who makes maps

Question 20

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 20

a treaty signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494 which divided the non-European world between them

Question 21

Commercial Revolution

Answer 21

a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from about the 1500s until the early 1700s. It included the growth of capitalism, banking, and investing