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Geography > Topic 2B - changing economic world > Flashcards

Topic 2B - changing economic world Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the four different factors which can effect development and give an example of each

A
  • Enviromental → natural hazards
  • Economic → trade and dept
  • Social → acess to safe water and education
  • Political → stable government or civil war
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2
Q

what is GNI (growth national income)

A

the total amount of money earned by a nation’s people and businesses

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3
Q

what are the four main measures of development

A
  • Birth rate
  • Death rate
  • Infant mortality rate
  • Literacy rate
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4
Q

why is birth rate a reliable measure of development

A

as a country develops, women are more likely to become educated and will want a career instead of staying at home, so they marry later and have fewer children.

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5
Q

why is death rate a reliable measure of development

A

In more developed countries there tends to be older populations so a higher death rate than less developed countries as the population will be lower because there is a younger population

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6
Q

why is infant mortality rate a reliable measure of development

A

useful to measure a countries healthcare system

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7
Q

why is literacy rate a reliable measure of development

A

useful to measure a countries education system

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8
Q

how many stages in a population pyramid are there

A

5

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9
Q

what are the four physical causes of uneven development

A
  • Being a landlocked country
  • Lack of supplies (safe water)
  • Extreme weather (floods in tropical region)
  • Climate related diseases (mosquitos, maleria)
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10
Q

What is an economic causes of uneven development

A

Trade → most of the worlds trade is between richer countries

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11
Q

what is a historical cause of uneven development

A

Colonialism → Enslaved countries face challanges restructuring their economies and political systems

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12
Q

define immigrant

A

a person who moves into a country

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13
Q

define emigrant

A

a person who moves out of a country

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14
Q

define economic migrant

A

a person who moves voluntarily to seek a better life (due to better-paid job, better education, better healthcare)

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15
Q

define refugee

A

a person forced to move from their country of origin often as a result of civil war or a natural disaster

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16
Q

define displaced person

A

a person forced to move from their home but who stays in thier country of origin

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17
Q

what are the 3 strategies to reduce the development gap

A
  • Investment
  • Industrial development
  • Tourism
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18
Q

how can investment help reduce the development gap (4)

A

investments can involve
* Development of infastructure
* Construction of dams to provide electrivity
* Improvement of harbours and ports
* Development of new industries

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19
Q

how can industrial development cause a chain reaction which helps reduce the development gap

A

can bring employment → higher income → better quality of life → more tax → money can be reinvested into the country → new opportynities →

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20
Q

how can tourism help to reduce the development gap

A

toursist can generate lots of income
* Buying souveniers from shops
* Hotels for them to stay need staff

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21
Q

what are the four different things given as aid

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Money → grants/loans
  • Emergency supplies → tents, medicines, water
  • Food → rice/heat, tools
  • Skills → doctors, engineers
22
Q

what are the six different types of aid

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Short-term
  • Long-term
  • Tied
  • Voluntary
  • Multilateral
  • Bilateral
23
Q

what is short-term aid

Study These Flashcards
A

emergency help usually in response to a natural distaster

24
Q

what is long-term aid

Study These Flashcards
A

sustainable aid that seeks to improve resilience

25
what is **tied** aid
aid that may be given with certain conditions e.g. the recipient has to spend the aid money on the donor country's products
26
what is **voluntary** aid
money donated by general public in richer countries distributed through charities
27
what is **multilateral** aid
richer governments give money to an international organisation such as the World Bank, which then redistributes the money as aid to poorer countries
28
what is **bilateral** aid
aid from one country to another which is often tied
29
why is **Goat Aid oxfam** good
* Goats are excelent food source * Manure can be crop feriliser * Milk can be sold as a source of income * Goats can be bread easily * Care of the goat builds community spirit
30
what is **intermediate technology**
technology which is sustainable and appropriate for locals to use which must **not** put people out of work
31
what are the 5 main benefits to fairtrade
* Farmer gets all the profit from the sale of the crop * It guarantees the farmer a fair price * Part of the price is invested in local community to develop projects * In return the farmer must agree to farm in an enviromentally friendly way * The product gains a stronger position in the global marker
32
what are the 3 things a country needs to qualify for **dept relief**
* demonstrate they could manage their own finances * show there is no corruption within their government * agree to spend the saved dept money on education, healthcare and reducing poverty
33
what problems can **dept relief** lead to (2)
* Countries may get into further dept expecting that it will also be written off * Corrupt governments may keep the money rather than use it to help the poor
34
what is **microfinance**
small scale financial support (loans), which comes straight from banks to the poor
35
how can microfinance help reduce the development gap
it can help families start up small businesses and allow for them to be self efficient
36
where is Nigeria geographically
* West Africa * Borders → Benin, Niger, Chad, Cameroon
37
how is Nigeria globally important (2)
* Supplies 2.2% of the world's oil (15th) * Major contributor to UN peacekeeping missions
38
how is Nigeria regionally important (2)
* highest GDP in Africa * Largest population in Africa
39
**social** aspects to Nigeria (2)
* Multiethnic * Multifaith
40
**cultural** aspects to Nigeria (3)
* Nollywood * Nigerian music * Nigeria football team
41
negative **environmental** aspects to Nigeria (2)
* Deforistation of rainforests * Oil spillage can cause forest fires and contaminate water bodies
42
where does Nigeria's source of income come from (2)
* Oil * Agriculture → cocoa, palm oil, cotton
43
why is Nigeria's economy developing (4)
* Rapid advances in technology * Greater concern for the enviroment * More people speak english → potential growth in telecommunications * Increased use of telecommunications
44
how is manufacturing affecting economic development (3)
* Regular paid workers give more security for people * Stimulates economic growth * More tax is taken from the company and workers which can be put back into the country
45
what is a transnational corporation (TNC)
a large company which operates in several countries
46
why do transnational corporations (TNC) locate in foreign countries (4)
* Cheaper labour * Tax incentives * Laxer enviromental laws * Access to wider market
47
what are the advantages to TNCs in Nigeria (4)
* Employment for locals * Good for economy * Company may invest in local infrastructure * Valuable export revenues are earned
48
what are the disadvantages to TNCs in Nigeria (4)
* Poor pay for locals * Poor working conditions * High paying jobs often go to forign employees * Much of the profits earnt goes abroad
49
advantages of Shell TNC working in Nigeria (3)
* Provides employment * Around 50,000 USD is spent on healthcare for locals benefiting 250,000 people * Shell provides 3000 scholarships to secondary schools and unis
50
disadvantages of Shell TNC working in Nigeria (3)
* Oil spills cause water polution * Oil theft * Most crude oil exported is refined in the USA or Europe so most of the profits dont go to NIgeria

Geography (4 decks)

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