Topic 3

Question 1

what are the macro nutrients? (3)

Answer 1

Fats (lipids), Protein, Carbs

Question 2

what are the micro Nutrients? (2)

Answer 2

Minerals, Vitamins

Question 3

Function of carbs?

Answer 3

main source of energy

Question 4

function of fats (lipids)? (5)

Answer 4

secondary fuel source, hormones, protection, insulation (keeps warm), Cell membrane

Question 5

function of protein? (4)

Answer 5

grow and repair, structure, transport

Question 6

function of vitamins and minerals? (3)

Answer 6

immunity, grow, bone health

Question 7

what is a saturated fat? (every carbon has two hydrogens)

Answer 7

no double bonded carbons

Question 8

what is an unsaturated fat? (double)

Answer 8

double bonded carbons

Question 9

chemical formula for glucose? (1:2:1) ratio

Answer 9

6carbon, 12 hydrogen, 6oxygen

Question 10

what is a condensation reaction? (releases water)

Answer 10

monosaccharide to disaccharide or polysaccharide

Question 11

structure of a triglyceride?

Answer 11

one glycerol heard, three fatty acid tails

Question 12

Structure for Protein? (4 elements) (1:1:1:1) ratio

Answer 12

hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen

Question 13

essential amino acids? (essential to eat)

Answer 13

only get it from food

Question 14

non-esstential amino acid

Answer 14

get it from the body

Question 15

recommendations for a healthy balanced diet?

Answer 15

Carbs - 65%
Protein - 35%
Fats - 25%

Question 16

what is metabolism?

Answer 16

all chemical reactions that happen in the body

Question 17

two different types of metabolism? (2)

Answer 17

catabolic
anabolic

Question 18

what is an anabolic reaction?

Answer 18

building up (use energy)

Question 19

what is catabolic reaction?

Answer 19

breaking apart (releases energy)

Question 20

what is glycogen?

Answer 20

stored glucose

Question 21

where is glycogen stored? (2)

Answer 21

liver, skeletal muscle

Question 22

where are triglycerides stored? (2)

Answer 22

adipose tissue
skeletal muscle

Question 23

what is glycogenolysis? (breaking apart)

Answer 23

breaking apart glycogen

Question 24

Lysis?

Answer 24

breaking apart

Question 25

what are the two chemicals used during fasting and exercise? (2)

Answer 25

adrenaline glucagon

Question 26

what does glucagon do?

Answer 26

glycogen into glucose

Question 27

what does adrenaline do?

Answer 27

glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis)

Question 28

three energy systems? (3)

Answer 28

ATP-CP, Lactic acid, aerobic

Question 29

what is the process of creatine-phosphate system? (3 steps)

Answer 29

1. break off a phosphate molecule 2. add phosphate molecule to ADP 3. this forms ATP

Question 30

Characteristics of the creatine-phosphate system? (2 steps)

Answer 30

1. produces 1 ATP 2. quickest energy pathway

Question 31

characteristics of the lactic acid system? (2)

Answer 31

1. 2 ATP 2. occurs in oxygen defict

Question 32

mechanism of the aerobic system? (4 steps)

Answer 32

1. glycogen - glucose - pyruvate 2. pyruvate - COA - Kerbs cycle 3. Kerbs cycle - COA - hydrogen and carbon dioxide 4. Electron transport chain (hydrogen - electrons - ATP)

Question 33

number of ATP produced by aerobic respiration?

Answer 33

36-38 ATP

Question 34

characteristics of the aerobic respiration system? (4)

Answer 34

1. breakdown of glucose, fats, proteins 2. makes the most ATP out of all energy systems 3. Most complex = takes the most time 4. requires oxygen

Question 35

what is oxygen deficit?

Answer 35

when demand is greater than supply

Question 36

what is oxygen debt? (2)

Answer 36

1. amount of oxygen needed after exercise 2. used to remove the by-products

Question 37

two components of oxygen recovery?

Answer 37

1. rapid (EPOC) 2. slow (steady state)

Question 38

characteristic of EPOC (rapid)?

Answer 38

1. short amount of time to recover 2. replaces creatine-phosphate stores

Question 39

characteristics of steady state (slow)?

Answer 39

1. removal of lactic acid from the blood 2. take up to 48 hours to remove

Question 40

what is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate called? (oxygen deficit)

Answer 40

anaerobic glycolysis

Question 41

fuels that are used to make ATP anaerobically? (think carbs)

Answer 41

glucose

Question 42

example of a catabolic reaction? (think carbs)

Answer 42

glucose to glycogen