Topic 3

Question 1

The hardware might malfunction, causing erroneous results.

Answer 1

Hardware Errors

Question 2

Sometimes called bugs.
Are mistakes in either the programming or the design of the software.

Answer 2

Software Errors

Question 3

Two most important ways a computer might fail to meet
expectations

Answer 3

• Hardware Errors
• Software Errors

Question 4

involves attempting to use a
computer for the wrong purpose or using one incorrectly for the right
purpose.

Answer 4

Misuse

Question 5

Software often interacts with humans. Sometimes the person who is prompted for some action misunderstands what is being asked.

Answer 5

Communication Failure

Question 6

Has been growing more prevalent. In some cases it is simply a form of vandalism.

Answer 6

Malice

Question 7

It is a software that may affect someone’s safety if it fails to work properly. This category usually includes software that could potentially harm the environment, as that would presumably indirectly harm humans.

Answer 7

Safety-Critical Software

Question 8

The most obvious approach to making sure a program has no bugs

Answer 8

Testing

Question 9

Is a place in computer code where the next instruction executed depends on input data.

Answer 9

Decision Point

Question 10

Programs that control some sort of machinery.

Answer 10

Control Program

Question 11

Means that the program must do something within a specific
amount of time.

Answer 11

Real Time

Question 12

Is used to refer to programs that execute at the same time
as one or more other programs.

Answer 12

Multiprocess

Question 13

Developing any commercial software system, and particularly safety critical software systems, involves multiple-tasks, which are usually performed by many different people.

Answer 13

The Software Development Process

Question 14

Literally what is required of the software.

Answer 14

Requirements

Question 15

For large projects, specialists called ”_________________________” interview clients to determine exactly what the system needs to do to best serve the clients.

Answer 15

Requirements Engineers

Question 16

Once the requirements of a system are established, designers develop the particular set of component
program modules, or subprograms of the software system.

Answer 16

Specification and Design

Question 17

Programmers then use the design to create code in an appropriate programming language.

Answer 17

Implementation

Question 18

He is a well known applied ethicist and author from Shippensburg University who analyzed the moral responsibilities of some key people in the Therac-25 case.

Answer 18

Professor Douglas Birsch

Question 19

Is short for “malicious software”. It can take many forms. The most prevalent types are

Answer 19

Malware

• Worm
• Virus
• Spyware
• Trojan Horse
• Rootkit

Question 20

A program that makes copies of itself and propagates those copies through a network to infect other computers.

Answer 20

Worm

Question 21

Malware that is similar to a worm, but which resides in another program. That program must execute in order for the virus to propagate itself.

Answer 21

Virus

Question 22

A computer program that is secretly installed for the purpose of collecting information about the computer’s user or users.

Answer 22

Spyware

Question 23

A piece of software that masquerades as an innocent, and perhaps useful, program,
but that is actually designed for a malicious purpose.

Answer 23

Trojan Horse

Question 24

A program that embeds itself into a computer’s operating system and acquires special
privileges that would normally be available to the operating system.

Answer 24

Rootkit

Question 25

The people who write and deploy malware are commonly called ________ and the activity of doing it is called ___________.

Answer 25

- Hacker - Hacking

Question 26

Some people have legitimate jobs in which they are paid to break into systems by the people who own the systems. These people are sometimes called “______________”, Their goal is to seek out vulnerabilities so they can be removed before a malicious intruder discovers them and launches an attack. The team of people involved in this activity are sometimes called a “_________________” or a “__________________”

Answer 26

- White Hat Hackers - Tiger Team or Red Team