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Flashcards in topic 3 Deck (30)
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1
Q

a change of state requires

A

energy

2
Q

when a substance is melting or boiling, what increases

A

the internal energy, but the energy is used for breaking intermolecular bonds rather than raising the temperature

3
Q

when a substance is freezing or condensing, what is formed

A

bonds are formed between particles, which releases energy

4
Q

what is latent heat

A

the amount of energy needed to to change 1kg of it from one state to another without changing temperature

5
Q

for cooling, what is latent heat

A

the energy released by a change in state

6
Q

what is the specific latent heat called when changing between a solid and a liquid

A

specific latent heat of FUSION

7
Q

what is the specific latent heat called when changing between a liquid and a gas

A

specific latent heat of VAPORISATION

8
Q

a solid all the way to a gas is called

A

sublimating

9
Q

liquid to a solid is called

A

freezing

10
Q

solid to a liquid is called

A

melting

11
Q

liquid to a gas is called

A

boiling

12
Q

gas to a liquid is called

A

condensing

13
Q

describe solids (3)

A
  • strong forces of attraction hold particles together
  • in a fixed, regular arrangement
  • particles don’t have much energy so only VIBRATE about their fixed positions
14
Q

describe liquids (4)

A
  • there are weaker forces of attraction between particles
  • particles are close together, but can move past each other and form irregular arrangements
  • have more energy than particles in a solid
  • move in random directions at low speeds
15
Q

describe gases (3)

A
  • there are almost no forces of attraction between particles
  • particles have more energy than in liquids or solids- they’re free to move
  • constantly moving in random directions at speeds
16
Q

when gas particles collide with something what happens

A

they exert a force on it

17
Q

what is pressure

A

the force exerted per unit area

18
Q

colliding gas particles creates ….

A

pressure

19
Q

if you increase the temperature of a gas, what happens

A

you transfer energy into the kinetic energy stores of its particles

20
Q

so increasing the temp of a gas, what else increases

A

the average speed of its particles

21
Q

what does the density of an object depend on

A

what its made of and how the particles are arranged

22
Q

in a dense material how are the particles arranged

A

the particles are packed tightly together

23
Q

in a less dense material how are particles arranged

A

the particles are more spread out

24
Q

in a less dense material, compressing the particles has what effect on the particles

A

the particles would move closer together and it would become more dense

25
Q

in terms of density, solids are more dense than…

A

liquids

26
Q

in terms of density, gases are less dense than…

A

liquids

27
Q

what is density

A

the measure of the compactness of a substance-it relates to the mass of a substance and how much space it takes up

28
Q

what type of change is a change of state called

A

physical

29
Q

what is a physical change

A

when you end up with the same substance but in a different form

30
Q

in a change of state what happens to the mass

A

it is conserved