Topic 3

Question 1

Spatial Interaction

Answer 1

Movement of goods, people and ideas within the between regions

Question 2

Globalization

Answer 2

The increasing level of spatial flows, interconnections and interdependence

Question 3

Ullman’s Model

Answer 3

Identifies factors that influence spatial interaction involving goods

Question 4

Regional Complementarity

Answer 4

There must be supply or surplus of products in one region, and a demand or deficit another region for regions to interact

Question 5

Intervening Opportunity

Answer 5

Flows of products between two regions will be restricted if there are intervening sources of supply

Question 6

Transferability

Answer 6

Refers to the ease of movement of products

Question 7

Distance Decay

Answer 7

Declining intensity of any activity, process, or function with increasing distance from its point of origin

Question 8

First law of geography

Answer 8

Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things

Question 9

Friction of Distance

Answer 9

Retarding effect of distance upon spatial interaction

Question 10

Gravity Model

Answer 10

Model of spatial interaction developed by Henry C. Care int he 1850s

Question 11

Physical Gravity

Answer 11

Force of attraction declines as the square of distance

Question 12

Social Gravity

Answer 12

Force of interaction attraction declines at somewhat different rates depending on the domain of interaction

Question 13

Movement Bias

Answer 13

Any aggregate spatial control on the movement of people, commodities, or communication

Question 14

Distance Bias

Answer 14

Favours short movements over long movements

Question 15

Direction Bias

Answer 15

Where actual flows are mainly limited to only one or a few directions

Question 16

Network Bias

Answer 16

Occurs because the presence or absence of connecting channels strongly affects the likelihood that spatial interaction will occur

Question 17

Barriers

Answer 17

Impede spatial interaction, either by blocking it totally or slowing it down, or redirecting it

Question 18

Mobility

Answer 18

General term applied to all types of movement through space and time

Question 19

Migration

Answer 19

Distinction between temporary travel and is important to a geographic analysis of spatial mobility and is usually fairly clear

Question 20

Territoriality

Answer 20

Involves an individual or group attempt to identify and establish control over a clearly defined territory considered an exclusive domain

Question 21

Personal Space

Answer 21

Invisible and usually irregular area around a person into which they do not willingly admit to others

Question 22

Activity Space

Answer 22

The area within which a person moves freely on his/her rounds of regular activity

Question 23

Awareness Space

Answer 23

Locations or spaces about which an individual has knowledge even without visiting all of them

Question 24

Space Term Prism

Answer 24

Describes the volume of space and length of time within which our activities must be confined

Question 25

Space-Time Path

Answer 25

Graph of a person's activity locations at certain times

Question 26

Critical Distance

Answer 26

The distance beyond which cost, effort, and means strongly influence our willingness to travel

Question 27

Information Flows

Answer 27

Form of spatial interaction which ultimately influence human spatial behaviour Individual and Mass

Question 28

Formal Exchanges

Answer 28

Involve the use of interposed channels to convey messages

Question 29

Informal Exchanges

Answer 29

Require no such institutionalized message carriers

Question 30

Personal Communication Field

Answer 30

Comprised of relevant information sources within activity space

Question 31

Mass Communication

Answer 31

Formal, Structured, transmission of information

Question 32

Place Perception

Answer 32

Concept that helps us gain a fuller understanding of the nature of human spatial behaviour

Question 33

Natural Hazards

Answer 33

Elements, processes, or events in the environment that can cause harm to humans

Question 34

Total Displacement Migrations

Answer 34

Migrants travel so far that they have completely new activity spaces that do not overlap at all with their former home ranges

Question 35

Partial Displacement Migrations

Answer 35

Local moves wherein migrants move to a new residence nearby, with new activity space overlapping some with their former home ranges

Question 36

Intercontinental Movements

Answer 36

Range from earliest peopling of the habitable world to the most recent flight of Asian or African refugees to countries of Europe or the Western Hemisphere

Question 37

Intercontinental Migrations

Answer 37

Involve movement between continents

Question 38

Intracontinental Migrations

Answer 38

Movements between countries but within the same continent

Question 39

Interregional Migrations

Answer 39

Involve movements between regions within the same nation

Question 40

Localized Residential Shifts

Answer 40

Are mainly within metropolitan areas (Western Countries)

Question 41

Forced Migrations

Answer 41

The relocation decision is made by people other than the migrants themselves

Question 42

Reluctant Migrations

Answer 42

Less than fully voluntary migrations

Question 43

Voluntary Migrations

Answer 43

Fully volitional moves. Represent individual responses to factors influencing migration decisions

Question 44

Push Factors

Answer 44

Unfavourable characteristics of a locale that contribute to the dissatisfaction of its residents and encourage their emigration Job loss, crime, over crowding,

Question 45

Pull Factors

Answer 45

Characteristics of a locale that acts as attractive forces, drawing migrants from other areas Job opportunities, better climate, lower taxes

Question 46

Place Utility

Answer 46

Measure of an individual's perceived satisfaction or approval of a place in its social, economic, or environmental attributes

Question 47

Step Migration

Answer 47

Where an eventual long-distance migration is undertaken in stages Move from farm to village, to small town, to city

Question 48

Chain Migration

Answer 48

The processes by which migration movements from a common home area to a specific destination are sustained by links of friendship or kinship between first movers and later followers

Question 49

Counter (Return) Migrations

Answer 49

Return of migrants to regions from which they earlier emigrated

Question 50

Channelized Migration

Answer 50

Tendency for migrations between areas that are socially and economically allied by past migration patterns, or trade connections or by some other affinity

Question 51

Intervening Opportunities

Answer 51

Migrations may be discourages by barriers or deflected by intervening opportunities