Topic 3

Question 1

classification system

Answer 1

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 2

species

Answer 2

a group of organisms with similar characteristics that interbreed to give fertile offspring

Question 3

gel electrophoresis

Answer 3

DNA is split into fragments by restriction endonucleases or protein hydrolysed by protease and is added to a gel containing fluorescent dye
DNA fragments move at different speeds due to an electric current
Shorter molecules move faster

Question 4

how are scientific findings validated

Answer 4

Scientific journals are processed through peer review to ensure it is reliable.
Other scientists to repeat similar investigations to validate conclusions.
Scientific conferences facilitate the exchange of ideas, data and techniques.

Question 5

banding pattern confirms different species

Answer 5

banding patterns are different
different species have bands in different positions/ thickness
different species have different proteins
different species have different genetic material
DNA/ genes code for protein

Question 6

molecular phylogeny

Answer 6

describes evolutionary/ genetic relationship based on similarities in DNA sequence

Question 7

niche

Answer 7

role of an organism within the habitat in which it lives e.g. food niche, habitat niche

Question 8

reproductive isolation

Answer 8

isolated populations of the same species with common ancestor experience different conditions and so natural selection occurs in different directions, changing the genotype and phenotype, restricts gene flow causing speciation

Question 9

allopatric speciation

Answer 9

populations are physically/ geographically separated

Question 10

sympatric speciation

Answer 10

populations live in the same place but are mechanically/ behaviourally/ seasonally separated results from ploidy

Question 11

population

Answer 11

a group of individuals of the same species that lives in the same place and can interbreed

Question 12

species richness

Answer 12

number of different species in an area

Question 13

genetic diversity

Answer 13

biodiversity within a species, total number of different alleles in a population (more alleles = greater genetic diversity) A high genetic diversity will increase the chance of that species surviving environmental change

Question 14

biodiversity

Answer 14

variety of species and number of different alleles in a species