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Chemistry > Topic 3: Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Topic 3: Chemical Changes Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Making a soluble salt using insoluble base step 1

A

Add measured acid to beaker heat if needed

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2
Q

Making a soluble salt using insoluble base step 2

A

Add excess insoluble base stir until no more reacts

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3
Q

Making a soluble salt using insoluble base step 3

A

Filter to remove excess base

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4
Q

Making a soluble salt using insoluble base step 4

A

Evaporate water to crystallise salt

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5
Q

Making a soluble salt using insoluble base step 5

A

Leave to dry

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6
Q

Making a soluble salt using acid and soluble base step 1

A

Measure acid in flask add indicator

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7
Q

Making a soluble salt using acid and soluble base step 2

A

Fill burette with alkali

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8
Q

Making a soluble salt using acid and soluble base step 3

A

Add alkali slowly to acid mix watch colour change

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9
Q

Making a soluble salt using acid and soluble base step 4

A

Record volume at neutralisation titre

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10
Q

Making a soluble salt using acid and soluble base step 5

A

Repeat without indicator using exact volumes

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11
Q

Making a soluble salt using acid and soluble base step 6

A

Evaporate water and crystallise salt

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12
Q

Making an insoluble salt by precipitation step 1

A

Mix two soluble salt solutions

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13
Q

Making an insoluble salt by precipitation step 2

A

Insoluble salt forms as precipitate

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14
Q

Making an insoluble salt by precipitation step 3

A

Filter mixture to collect precipitate

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15
Q

Making an insoluble salt by precipitation step 4

A

Wash and dry precipitate

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16
Q

Solubility rule for sodium potassium and ammonium salts

A

All soluble

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17
Q

Solubility rule for nitrates

A

All soluble

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18
Q

Solubility rule for chlorides

A

All soluble except silver and lead

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19
Q

Solubility rule for sulfates

A

All soluble except lead barium and calcium

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20
Q

Solubility rule for carbonates

A

Only sodium potassium and ammonium soluble

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21
Q

Solubility rule for hydroxides

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A

Only sodium potassium and ammonium soluble

22
Q

Reaction acid plus metal

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A

Acid plus metal makes salt plus hydrogen gas

23
Q

Reaction acid plus metal oxide

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A

Acid plus metal oxide makes salt plus water

24
Q

Reaction acid plus metal hydroxide

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A

Acid plus metal hydroxide makes salt plus water

25
Reaction acid plus metal carbonate
Acid plus metal carbonate makes salt plus water plus carbon dioxide
26
Salt definition
A compound formed when an acid reacts with a base
27
Acid strength definition
How much acid ionises in water fully ionised is strong acid partially ionised is weak acid
28
Acid concentration definition
Amount of acid dissolved in water
29
Meaning of pH scale change by 1
Change of 1 in pH means ten times change in hydrogen ion concentration
30
Neutralisation reaction definition
Acid plus base makes salt plus water neutral products
31
Base definition
A substance that reacts with an acid to neutralise it usually provides OH minus ions
32
Alkali definition
A soluble base that dissolves in water to produce OH minus ions
33
Litmus indicator colour in acid
Red
34
Litmus indicator colour in neutral
Purple
35
Litmus indicator colour in alkali
Blue
36
Phenolphthalein indicator colour in acid
Colourless
37
Phenolphthalein indicator colour in neutral
Colourless
38
Phenolphthalein indicator colour in alkali
Pink
39
Methyl orange indicator colour in acid
Red
40
Methyl orange indicator colour in neutral
Orange
41
Methyl orange indicator colour in alkali
Yellow
42
Why is excess base added when making salts with insoluble bases
Ensures all acid reacts so neutralisation is complete
43
Why is titration used when acid and alkali are both soluble
To find exact volume needed to neutralise acid
44
Why is it safer to add alkali to acid in titration
Adding alkali slowly controls reaction reducing spills and heat risk
45
What gas is produced when acid reacts with metal
Hydrogen gas
46
Why does precipitate form in precipitation reactions
Insoluble salt is less soluble so solid forms from solution
47
What is the role of indicator in titration
Shows colour change at neutralisation point
48
What happens to pH when acid is diluted
It increases because hydrogen ion concentration decreases
49
What does a low pH mean
High concentration of hydrogen ions strongly acidic
50
What does a high pH mean
Low concentration of hydrogen ions alkaline
51
What is a salt in terms of ions
Metal or positive ion plus negative ion from acid

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