Topic 3: Collection of Evidence: Additional Studies Flashcards
(25 cards)
(Reid) What is this concept about?
9 steps of interrogation
(Reid) What is the underlying assumption of the Reid Technique?
An unpleasant environment will provoke a suspect to confess to escape the situation.
(Reid) How are the steps of the Reid Technique used?
Not all steps have to be used, and they can be used in any order.
(Reid) What is the first step, “Positive Confirmation”?
Telling the suspect you know they are guilty.
(Reid) What is the last step “Turn Oral Confession to Written Confession”?
Documenting the confession in the suspect’s own words.
(Gudjonsson) What did Gudjonsson conduct research on?
False confessions.
(Gudjonsson) What defendant characteristics increase the likelihood of false confessions?
Young or old age.
(Gudjonsson) What interrogation circumstances increase the likelihood of false confessions?
Sudden arrest or prolonged interrogation.
(Gudjonsson) What personal states increase the likelihood of false confessions?
Illness, stress, or intoxication.
(Gudjonsson) What interrogation tactics can lead to false confessions?
Leading questions and specific interview tactics.
(Gudjonsson) What tool did Gudjonsson develop?
Gudjonsson’s susceptibility scale.
(Gudjonsson) What is the purpose of Gudjonsson’s susceptibility scale?
To predict how likely an individual is to make a false confession.
(PEACE Model) What is the purpose of the PEACE model?
To provide a non-accusatory interviewing framework that reduces false confessions.
(PEACE Model) Who is trained in the PEACE model?
Police interviewers.
(PEACE Model) What does “P” stand for in the PEACE model?
Preparation and Planning: Thorough preparation and consideration of logistical factors.
(PEACE Model) What does “E” (the first one) stand for in the PEACE model?
Engage and Explain: Building rapport and explaining the interview process.
(PEACE Model) What does “A” stand for in the PEACE model?
Account, Clarification, Challenge: Gathering detailed accounts, clarifying information, and challenging inconsistencies.
(PEACE Model) What does “C” stand for in the PEACE model?
Closure: Ending the interview professionally and offering future contact.
(PEACE Model) What does “E” (the second one) stand for in the PEACE model?
Evaluation: Reviewing the interview’s effectiveness.
(Mann) What was the aim of Mann’s study?
To evaluate police officers’ ability to discern truth from lies in real-life suspect interviews.
(Mann) Who were the participants?
99 Kent Police Officers (24 female, 75 male), with varied roles.
(Mann) What was the procedure?
- Participants answered a lie detection experience questionnaire.
- They watched 54 suspect interview video clips.
- For each clip, they judged truthfulness, rated confidence, and noted cues used.
(Mann) What was the mean accuracy for detecting lies?
0.662
(Mann) What was the mean accuracy for detecting truth-telling?
0.636
