Topic 6: Effect of Imprisonment: Additional Studies Flashcards
(25 cards)
(Topic 6: Gillis & Nafekh) What type of program did the Canadian correctional service use for offenders?
A program involving psychometric tests and job placements.
(Topic 6: Gillis & Nafekh) What research method was used to evaluate the Canadian correctional service’s program?
A quasi-experiment.
(Topic 6: Gillis & Nafekh) Who were the participants in the study evaluating the program?
Men and women on conditional release, divided into two groups: those who participated in the program and those who did not.
(Topic 6: Gillis & Nafekh) How were the participant groups matched in the study?
By risk level and sentence length.
(Topic 6: Gillis & Nafekh) What was the key finding regarding reincarceration for those who participated in the employment program?
Individuals who participated were less likely to be reincarcerated during their conditional release.
(Topic 6: Gillis & Nafekh) What was the re-offending rate (completion of conditional release) for employed participants vs. unemployed participants?
70% of employed participants completed their conditional release, compared to 55% of unemployed participants.
(Topic 6: Restorative Justice) What are the aims of restorative justice for the victim?
To help the victim and provide them with a sense of control and peace of mind.
(Topic 6: Restorative Justice) Is restorative justice an alternative to punishment?
No, it is not an alternative to punishment.
(Topic 6: Restorative Justice) Describe the process of restorative justice.
The victim and offender are brought together (both have consented), and the victim explains the impact of the crime.
(Topic 6: Restorative Justice) What did Sherman and Stang conclude about restorative justice?
Restorative justice works in property and violent crimes.
(Topic 6: Restorative Justice) What positive outcomes did Sherman and Stang associate with restorative justice?
It reduces post-traumatic stress and reduces repeat offending.
(Topic 6: Anger Management Programmes) What is the underlying idea behind anger management for offenders?
Anger can cause violent crime.
(Topic 6: Anger Management Programmes) Who proposed that violent acts can result from antisocial anger expression, and in what year?
Novaco (1975).
(Topic 6: Anger Management Programmes) What is the main goal of anger management programs for offenders?
To teach offenders to control anger and reduce violent behaviour in and out of prison.
(Topic 6: Anger Management Programmes) What kind of model do anger management programs typically use, and how many stages does it have?
A cognitive-behavioural model with three main stages.
(Topic 6: Anger Management Programmes) Describe Stage 1 of the cognitive-behavioural anger management model.
Cognitive preparation: Identifying anger triggers and internal warning signs.
(Topic 6: Anger Management Programmes) Describe Stage 2 of the cognitive-behavioural anger management model.
Skills acquisition: Teaches relaxation techniques and social skills for conflict resolution.
(Topic 6: Anger Management Programmes) Describe Stage 3 of the cognitive-behavioural anger management model.
Application practice: Uses role-play to make learned techniques automatic.
(Topic 6: Anger Management Programmes) What did the UK’s CALM program demonstrate regarding effectiveness (and who researched it)?
Short-term effectiveness in reducing anger in most, but not all, prisoners (Ireland, 2000).
(Topic 6: Community Service) What are community sentences?
Non-custodial punishments involving activities in the community, like unpaid work (Community Payback).
(Topic 6: Community Service) Name some types of requirements that can be included in a community sentence.
Treatment programmes, curfews, exclusion zones, and residence requirements.
(Topic 6: Community Service) Under what circumstances might a court impose a community sentence?
If they believe the offender is more likely to reform, it’s a first offence, or if the offender has a relevant mental health condition.
(Topic 6: Community Service) What are the aims of community sentences?
To punish, rehabilitate, and encourage offenders to make amends to victims or the community.
(Topic 6: Community Service) List some advantages of community sentences.
Reduce prison burden, more effective at reducing reoffending than short prison terms, and more cost-effective.
