Topic 3 - Culture and Consumer Behavior

Question 1

Can be defined as a set of meanings shared by people in a given place and
time (Triandis, 2012).

Answer 1

Culture

Question 2

can be studied via multiple types of comparisons: between countries,
between regions or ethnic groups within a society, between individuals
within a society by measuring cultural orientations or values, or between
situations that activate distinct cultural concepts.

implicates how consumers interpret and respond to all touchpoints of
a consumer journey (Shavitt & Barnes, 2020).

Answer 2

Culture

Question 3

refers to a series of touchpoints that “involves all activities and
events related to the delivery of a service from the customer’s
perspective”

Answer 3

Consumer Journey

Question 4

There are numerous ways to organize the touchpoints along the
consumer journey into stages (e.g., Deloitte 2015; Edelman and
Singer 2015), such as by breaking the path into pre-purchase,
purchase, and post-purchase stages (Lemon and Verhoef 2016).

Answer 4

Consumer Journey

Question 5

is influenced by different factors such as family, friends, relatives, peers, colleagues and others.

Answer 5

Consumer behavior of Filipinos

Question 6

is a group of people who share a set of secondary values and
beliefs

Answer 6

Subculture

Question 7

Five factors that create subcultures include:

Answer 7

Material culture
Social institutions
Belief systems
Aesthetics
Language

MSBAL

Question 8

people with similar income or belong to same economic status may create a subculture.

Answer 8

Material culture

Question 9

people’s participation in social institution such as marriage, parenthood, military, organizations, among others.

Answer 9

Social institutions

Question 10

people with shared beliefs like religious group or political affiliation.

Answer 10

Belief systems

Question 11

people who are into arts often form a subculture
(e.g., art, music, dance, drama and theatre)

Answer 11

Aesthetics

Question 12

people with same dialects and vocabulary can establish a subculture.

Answer 12

Language

Question 13

Types of SUBCULTURES

Answer 13

Race and ethnicity
Gender
Age

Question 14

Study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select,
purchase, use or dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to
satisfy needs and desires.

All activities that include pre, during, and post decision of purchase
and how the individual or group makes informed choices.

Answer 14

Consumer Behavior

Question 15

Why does consumer behavior change?

Answer 15

1. Knowledge
2. Attitudes
3. Beliefs
4. Motivations
5. Opinions
6. Developmental history
7. Learning experience

Question 16

Individuals are not thinking about changing their behavior. They
may be unaware of the problem, unmotivated to change, or even
resistant to the idea of change.

Answer 16

Precontemplation

Question 17

Individuals are starting to think about changing their behavior and
are considering the pros and cons. They may be aware of the
problem but not yet ready to take action.

Answer 17

Contemplation

Question 18

Individuals are making a plan for change and taking small steps
toward it. They are motivated, determined, and actively preparing to
change their behavior.

Answer 18

Preparation/Determination

Question 19

Individuals are actively changing their behavior. They are implementing their plan and making the necessary changes.

Answer 19

Action/Willpower

Question 20

Individuals have successfully changed their behavior and are working
to prevent relapse. They are maintaining their new behavior and
working to reinforce it.

Answer 20

Maintenance

Question 21

Individuals have successfully changed their behavior and no longer
experience any temptation to return to their old behavior. They have
achieved lasting change and are no longer at risk of relapse.

Answer 21

Termination

Question 22

Spiral nature of the model of change

Answer 22

The spiral nature of this model suggests that individuals may cycle through these stages multiple times before achieving lasting change. They may progress to the next stage, then relapse back to an earlier stage, and then progress again. This is a common pattern, and it’s important to understand that it’s a normal part of the change
process.

Question 23

Lewin’s Three Stage Change Model

Answer 23

Unfreeze - Readiness to change
Change - Implementation
Refreeze - Making it stick

Question 24

What is SDG 12

Answer 24

Responsible Consumption and Production

Question 25

A movement that aims to balance consumers’ ecological consciousness and profit orientation of businesses. Consumers must realize that a product is not as it is when bought, but should also consider the process of how it was made and how will it be disposed. All products have an impact to the environment, the plan is to reduce the impact.

Answer 25

Green Consumerism

Question 26

A movement where consumers use the market as means to influence authorities to change institutional or market practices; a specific form of participation that characterizes individualized responsibility-taking. The product of merging of consumer culture (private) and citizenship (public) that has transcended traditional practices.

Answer 26

Political Consumerism

Question 27

Traditional policies on consumer welfare focus on the economic aspect and market situation. In 1999, the UN General Assembly reviewed and revised the United Nations Guidelines on Consumer Protection to include sustainable consumption in the Objectives and General Principles which include a section stating that governments should: “create or strengthen effective regulatory mechanisms for the protection of consumers, including aspects of sustainable consumption.”

Answer 27

True

Question 28

“Think Twice! An Action Plan for Sustainable Household Consumption”; contains specific proposals on food, energy-efficient households, and travel.

Answer 28

Sweden

Question 29

“Sustainable Consumption Roundtable”; targets specific groups depending on consumer behavior and patterns of purchase which includes proposals on energy efficiency, waste & recycling, water utility, transport, and food.

Answer 29

United Kingdom

Question 30

“Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production”; prepared by the Minister of Environment of the country.

Answer 30

Czech Republic

Question 31

“National Council for Sustainable Development”; proposes sustainable consumption & production processes.

Answer 31

France

Question 32

Consists of 34 democratic nations that work to address concerns on economic, social and environmental aspect and set standards for other nations.

Answer 32

ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD)

Question 33

was formulated by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) in 2023, with assistance from the Asian Development Bank. It aims to influence and steer sustainable practices and behavior across sectors and levels of government. The Plan includes programmatic interventions, including circular economy approaches, geared toward decoupling the country’s economic growth from environmental degradation under the ‘new normal’ brought about by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Answer 33

The Philippine Action Plan for Sustainable Consumption and Production (PAP4SCP)

Question 34

considerations must be integrated in public policies in order to ensure sustainability and proper implementation of plans for the protection of consumer welfare.

Answer 34

Ecological and Political

Question 35

focuses on the need to “put people first” in development processes. It also refers to government policies and programs concerned with the ‘social aspect’ of development, such as reducing poverty, increasing literacy, combating malnutrition and improving access to health and education (Midgley, 2013).

Answer 35

Social Development

Question 36

A method or plan chosen to bring about a desired future, such as achievement of a goal or solution to a problem.

Answer 36

Social Development

Question 37

It is a plan of action wherein it will uplift the welfare of the people and also to answer its problems.

Answer 37

Social Development

Question 38

How can green consumerism be a social development strategy?

Answer 38

1. It can develop more jobs which will lessen unemployment. 2. It can help in eradicating/lessening poverty in the country

Question 39

How can political consumerism be a social development strategy?

Answer 39

1. political consumerism, such as boycotting of products for political or ethical reasons, can be considered as a form of political participation. 2. Political consumers “are more or equally active in other forms of participation and group involvement.”