Topic 3: Density and Kinetic Theory Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is density?
Density is the mass per unit volume.
What is mass?
Mass is the amount of ‘stuff’ (matter) an object is made of.
What is volume?
Volume is the ‘space’ taken up by an object.
How do you calculate density?
Use the equation D = M/V.
What quantities do we need to measure to find density?
- Volume (or for solid: length, width, height)
- Mass
How can we measure the mass of a solid?
Using a top pan balance.
How can we measure the volume of a solid?
Using a ruler (V = l × w × h).
How can we measure the mass of a liquid?
Subtract the mass of the empty measuring cylinder from the mass of the filled measuring cylinder.
How can we measure the volume of a liquid?
Using a measuring cylinder, reading from the bottom of the meniscus at eye level.
What is the displacement method?
The increase in the volume of water after the object has been added is equal to the volume of the object.
What is a Eureka Can used for?
To measure the volume of an irregular solid by the volume of water it displaces.
Calculate the density of a 50g stone with a volume of 15cm³.
Density = 50g / 15cm³ = 3.3g/cm³.
What is the density of air?
Air has a density of 1.225 kg/m³.
What happens when an object is less dense than the liquid it is in?
The object will float.
What is kinetic theory?
Kinetic theory describes matter as a large number of particles, explaining the properties of different states of matter.
What describes the arrangement of particles in a solid?
Particles are packed very close together in a regular pattern.
What happens to particles in a solid when heated?
Particles gain kinetic energy, vibrate more vigorously, and eventually break bonds to become a liquid.
How do liquids differ from solids in terms of particle arrangement?
Particles in liquids are close together but have some gaps, allowing them to move around.
What causes a liquid to turn into a gas?
Atoms gain enough kinetic energy to break the bonds between the liquid structure.
What is the arrangement of particles in a gas?
Particles have larger gaps, are free to move, and move very quickly in all directions.
True or False: Solids tend to be the most dense because particles are closer together.
True.
True or False: Gas particles roll over each other.
False.
True or False: Liquid particles are in a fixed position.
False.
True or False: Liquid and gas do not have a fixed volume or shape.
True.
