Topic 3 - Energy Changes

Question 1

What are acids in solution a source of?

Answer 1

hydrogen ions

Question 2

What are alkalis in solution a source of?

Answer 2

hydroxide

Question 3

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

Answer 3

7

Question 4

Do acidic solutions have high or low pH values?

Answer 4

low (less than 7)

Question 5

Do alkaline solutions have high or low pH values?

Answer 5

high (greater than 7)

Question 6

Give the colour of methyl orange indicator when it is put into an acidic solution

Answer 6

red

Question 7

Give the colour of methyl orange indicator when it is put into an neutral solution

Answer 7

yellow

Question 8

Give the colour of methyl orange indicator when it is put into an alkaline solution

Answer 8

yellow

Question 9

Give the colour of phenolphthalein indicator when it is put into an acidic solution

Answer 9

colourless

Question 10

Give the colour of phenolphthalein indicator when it is put into an neutral solution

Answer 10

colourless

Question 11

Give the colour of phenolphthalein indicator when it is put into an alkaline solution

Answer 11

pink

Question 12

What happens to pH when hydrogen ion concentration increases?

Answer 12

it decreases

Question 13

What happens to pH when hydrogen ion concentration decreases?

Answer 13

it increases

Question 14

What happens to pH as hydrogen ion concentration in a solution increases by a factor of 10?

Answer 14

it decreases by 1

Question 15

What is the difference between a concentrated and dilute solution?

Answer 15

a concentrated solution has a higher amount of substance dissolved in the solution

Question 16

What is a weak acid?

Answer 16

one that only partially dissociates into ions

Question 17

What is a strong acid?

Answer 17

one that fully dissociates into ions

Question 18

What is a base?

Answer 18

any substance that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only

Question 19

What are alkalis?

Answer 19

soluble bases

Question 20

Complete this equation: acid + metal –>

Answer 20

salt + hydrogen

Question 21

Complete this equation: acid + metal oxide –>

Answer 21

salt + water

Question 22

Complete this equation: acid + metal hydroxide –>

Answer 22

salt + water

Question 23

Complete this equation: acid + metal carbonate –>

Answer 23

salt + carbon dioxide + water

Question 24

What is the test for hydrogen?

Answer 24

a lit splint causes a ‘pop’

Question 25

What is needed to test for carbon dioxide?

Answer 25

lime water

Question 26

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

Answer 26

lime water turns cloudy

Question 27

What is a neutralisation reaction?

Answer 27

a reaction between an acid and a base

Question 28

Write a general equation for a neutralisation reaction

Answer 28

H+ + OH- → H2O

Question 29

What technique needs to be used if soluble salts are prepared from an acid and a soluble reactant?

Answer 29

titration

Question 30

Name this piece of apparatus

Answer 30

burette

Question 31

Name this piece of apparatus

Answer 31

pipette

Question 32

What is true about common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts?

Answer 32

they are all soluble

Question 33

True or false: all nitrates are soluble

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

True or false: all chlorides are soluble

Answer 34

false: common chlorides are soluble except those of silver and lead

Question 35

Give 2 examples of metals that form insoluble chlorides

Answer 35

silver and lead

Question 36

True or false: all sulfates are soluble

Answer 36

false: common sulfates are soluble except those of lead, barium and calcium

Question 37

Give 3 examples of metals that form insoluble sulfates

Answer 37

lead, barium and calcium

Question 38

True or false: all carbonates are soluble

Answer 38

false: common carbonates and hydroxides are insoluble except those of sodium, potassium and ammonium

Question 39

Give 3 examples of cations that form soluble carbonates

Answer 39

sodium, potassium and ammonium

Question 40

What are electrolytes?

Answer 40

ionic compounds in the molten state or dissolved in water

Question 41

What is electrolysis?

Answer 41

a process in which electrical energy, from a direct current supply, decomposes electrolytes

Question 42

What is a cation?

Answer 42

a positively charged ion

Question 43

What is a anion?

Answer 43

a negatively charged ion

Question 44

What is a cathode?

Answer 44

a negatively charged electrode

Question 45

What is a anode?

Answer 45

a positively charged electrode

Question 46

Where do cations move to in electrolysis?

Answer 46

the negatively charged cathode

Question 47

Where do anions move to in electrolysis?

Answer 47

the positively charged anode

Question 48

What are the products of the electrolysis of copper chloride solution?

Answer 48

copper and chlorine

Question 49

What are the products of the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution?

Answer 49

hydrogen and chlorine

Question 50

What are the products of the electrolysis of sodium sulfate solution?

Answer 50

hydrogen and oxygen

Question 51

What are the products of the electrolysis of water acidified with sulfuric acid?

Answer 51

oxygen and hydrogen

Question 52

What are the products of the electrolysis of molten lead bromide?

Answer 52

lead and bromine

Question 53

What is oxidation?

Answer 53

loss of electrons

Question 54

What is reduction?

Answer 54

gain of electrons

Question 55

Where does reduction occur during electrolysis?

Answer 55

at the cathode

Question 56

Where does oxidation occur during electrolysis?

Answer 56

at the anode

Question 57

What are the products of the electrolysis of copper sulfate solution?

Answer 57

oxygen and copper

Question 58

Give the term being defined: Electronic device used to measure the pH of a solution.

Answer 58

pH meter