Topic 3 Fighting disease +

Question 1

What does the skin act as

Answer 1

A barrier against pathogens

Question 2

What does the skin secrete

Answer 2

Antimicrobial substances which kill pathogens

Question 3

What do the hairs and mucus do in the nose

Answer 3

Trap particles that could contain pathogens

Question 4

What do the trachea and bronchi secrete

Answer 4

Mucus to trap pathogens

Question 5

What are the trachea and bronchi lined with

Answer 5

Cilia which waft the mucus up to the back of the throat where it can be swallowed

Question 6

What does the stomach produce

Answer 6

Hydrochloric acid that kills pathogens that make it that far from the mouth

Question 7

Chemical defences in humans

Answer 7

Stomach acid
Tears
Saliva
Mucus

Question 8

Physical barriers

Answer 8

Skin

Question 9

Mechanical defences

Answer 9

Skin
Mucus

Question 10

First lines of defences

Answer 10

Skin
Tears
Mucus
Cilia
Stomach acid
Urine flow
White blood cells (neutrophils)

Question 11

What is the most important part of the immune system

Answer 11

White blood cells

Question 12

Phagocytosis

Answer 12

Phagocytes engulf foreign cells and digest them

Question 13

What are the unique molecules found on pathogens called

Answer 13

Antigens

Question 14

What will white blood cells produce if they detect antigens

Answer 14

Produce protiens called antibodies

Question 15

What do antibodies do to antigens

Answer 15

Lock onto the invading cells do that they can be found and destroyed by other white blood cells

Question 16

What are the antibodies produced specific to

Answer 16

The type of antigen so they won’t lock onto any others

Question 17

What happens if a person is infected with the same pathogen again

Answer 17

The white blood cells will rapidly produce antibodies to kill it
The person is naturally immune to that pathogen and won’t get ill

Question 18

What are the white blood cells that produce antibodies called

Answer 18

B lymphocytes

Question 19

When antibodies bind the pathogens causing them to stick together this makes it easier for what

Answer 19

Restricts the movement around the body and makes it easier for phagocytes to engulf and destroy the pathogens

Question 20

What do antitoxins produced by lymphocytes do

Answer 20

Counteract the toxins produced by invading bacteria