Topic 3: Globalisation Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is globalisation?
Increasing interdependence and interconnectedness between countries, through flows of trade, capital, goods, services and culture.
What does the idea of economic globalisation include?
- TNC’s outsourcing and offshoring
- Trade blocs
- Global transactions of money
What does the idea of political globalisation include?
- Trade deals and trade blocs
- Deregulation
- International organisations such as the UN which work to reduce conflict across different countries.
What does the idea of cultural globalisation include?
- Exposure to media sources which allow us to recognise and understand other cultures.
- Ability to travel internationally
- Greater awareness and understanding of world events due to education and news sources
- Westernisation and Americanisation
What does the idea of social globalisation include?
- Internation immigration
- Socail networking has revolutionalised human connections
- Global NGOs and charities are involved in the global improvement of healthcare and education. e.g world health organisation.
What has globalisation led to?
- Lengthening of connections- People can travel further afield and goods are bought in from further away.
- Deepening of connections- more parts of people’s lives are increasingly dependent on the rest of the world.
- Faster speed of connections-
How do countries politically interdependend one each other.
- Countries work together to make decisions
- Countires rely on other countries to intervene if there is political unrest.
How do countries economically interdepend on each other.
- Flows of labour, products and services entering the country for the economy to grow.
How do countries socially depend on each other?
- Migration has created social interdependence, diaspora depend on where they live.
- Depend on other countries for leisure, e.g tv shows
How do countries environmentally depend on each other?
- Countries rely on each other to protect the environment, all nations are affected by each other’s carbon emissions etc.
What are the 19th and 20th century technological innovations in transport?
-Steam railways meant goods could be moved across continents.
-Steam ships meant that goods could be traded overseas.
-Jet aircraft meant goods could be moved quickly between continents and to places without a coastline. Cheap airlines mean people can travel all over the world
- Containerisation meant large volumes of goods could be transported all over the world, and cost of transport is lower. 200 million container movements every year.
What is the shrinking world effect?
Improvements in transport technology have made the world seem progressively smaller over time.
What is the space time compression?
As people become more connected to places in the world that are further away. Distant places feel closer as it takes less time to get them.
What developments in ICT have there been to allow people to connect with each other more easily and quickly over great distances?
-Mobile phones are becoming increasingly affordable, allow for instant communication to anyone.
-Social media means news, knowledge and opinions can be shared around the world.
-Internet allows people to access any infomation at the touch of a button. 40% of people have access to the internet.
-GPS has led to google maps and satellites which track goods across the world.
What are flows of capital?
Movement of money
- Trade of goods and services
- FDI
- Remittances
-Currency exchanges in banks
Made easier by online banking
What are flows of commodities?
Trade of raw materials
has increased rapidly since 1950
Made easier by increased numbers of internation trade deals and improvements in technology for trade.
What are flows of infomation?
- Infomation e.g news can be transported very quickly and easily through email, internet and social media.
- People can learn about different countries and cultures without leaving their country.
What are flows of tourists?
- Increases in technology and decreasing cost of travel allowed more people to travel to more places
What are flows of migrants?
- People move between countries permanently and seasonally
- Countries depend on migrants for labour. e.g agriculture work
- Flows of people are often regulated
- Migrants could be seeking better economic opportunities or a safer home.
What are flows of labour?
Flows of people moving to work in other countries.
What are flows of services?
Footloose industries. can be produced in a different country to where they are received, e.g call centres.
What does the world trade organisation do?
Aims to liberalise trade by removing tariffs, subsidies and quotas
reduce trade barriers and increase free trade
All countries treated the same.
Why has the world trade organiasation been critisized?
Failed to stop the UK and USA from subsidising their own food producers. So creates unequal opportunities for all countries to trade.
What does the international monetary fund do?
