Topic 3 - Globalisation: EQ2 Flashcards
(56 cards)
Who are the winners and losers of globalisation?
The winners of globalisation are the large TNCs and companies which can build factories in developing counties and use this as cheap labour and then able to make products cheaper. The losers of globalisation are the people who get exploited for work and can cause child labour in the worst scenarios
What’s the global shift?
Is the changing geographical location of manufacturing to the east, southeast and South Asia and is the outsourcing of services from developed to emerging economies such as India
How is the global shift not a recent phenomenon
This means that it has not started recently but has happened before and has started and happened many times in history
Where could the next global shift be? (Can be different answers)
I think it will start to move towards Africa and move away from Asia as they will start to be a superpower where they will need places to put new factories and facilities and the next area of less developed countries is Africa and there can be cheap labour which many large TNCs like
What factors accelerated the most recent global shift?
- Individual Asian countries such as India, began to allow overseas companies access to their markets, with an open-door policy
- TNCs began to seek new cheaper areas for manufacturing (e.g. factories in China) and for outsourcing services (call centres and software development in India)
- FDI begin to flow into the emerging Asian economies.
What has chinas FDI change be?
China has been the the worlds largest recipient of FDI since 2000, and its share of global trade and value rose from 2% in 2001 to 10% by 2013
There has been a change in FDI overtime due to the physical landscape where a lot of the area is above 1000m which is importantly to stop it from getting flooded such as by the monsoon
There is also many Chinese provinces
What are the 4 benefits of the global shift to china?
Infrastructure
Poverty
Urban incomes
Education and training
How has chinas infrastructure benefitted from the global shift
China has developed the worlds longest highway network
High speed rail and its rail system has reached 100,000km in length
82 airports have been built since 2000
How has chinas poverty benefitted from the global shift
Over 300 million Chinese’s people are now considered to be middle class which also means that sale consumers have increased
Between 1981 and 2010, China reduced the number of people living in poverty by 680 million
How has chinas urban incomes benefitted from the global shift
Urban incomes have increased by 10% a year since 2005, by 2014 they averaged $9000 a year
There is a big and growing rural-urban divide in China
How has chinas education and training benefitted from the global shift
Education is free and compulsory in China from 6-15, 94% of Chinese over the age of 15 are now literate (20% in 1950)
7.2 million Chinese students graduated university in 2013, 15x higher than 2000
How has chinas education and training benefitted from the global shift
Education is free and compulsory in China from 6-15, 94% of Chinese over the age of 15 are now literate (20% in 1950)
7.2 million Chinese students graded by university in 2013, 15x higher than 2000
What are the 6 costs for china’s global shift
Loss of farmland
Informal housing
Pollution and health
Land degradation
Resource exploitation
Loss of biodiversity
How has chinas loss of farmland been affected by the global shift
Over 300 million hectares of arable farmland has been polluted with heavy metal
12 million tonnes of grain were polluted in 2014
Rivers being polluted by chemicals and pesticides
How has chinas informal housing been affected by the global shift
Land prices have rocketed and made decent housing unaffordable especially next city centres
Expanded housing in villages which they rent out
Farmland is privately developed for housing without permission
How has chinas pollution and health been affected by the global shift
Chinas air pollution is so bad that the capital has frequent pollution alerts
70% of chinas rivers and lakes are now polluted
100 cities suffer from extreme water shortages
How has chinas land degradation been affected by the global shift
Despite having 22% of the world population Chinas only has 6.4% of its land and 7.2% of its farmland and urbanisation and industrialisation is increasing this (overpopulated)
Land clearances has also lead to deforestation and over intense grazing
How has chinas resource exploitation been affected by the global shift
It has many resources however it can’t keep up with the demand so Chinese government has sought additional resources in Africa and Latin America
How has chinas loss of biodiversity been affected by the global shift
In 2015 the environmental charity WWF found that Chinas terrestrial vertebrates had declined by 50% since 1970. The main cause is because of habitat loss and degrading of natural environments by economic development
What is deindustrialisation
the decline of regionally important manufacturing industries. The decline can be charted either in terms of workforce numbers, output and production measures and has significant impacts on inner city areas of cities in the UK and USA such as Leicester
What’s the case study for deindustrialisation?
Detroit Michigan
What happened to Detroit Michigan?
It was the fourth largest city in the USA, with a thriving car industry but now due to the global shift such as car manufacturing moving to Japan it has resulted in depopulation, crime and high unemployment
City lost quarter of its population and is bankrupt with debts of $18.5 billion and high poverty
How did the global shift of economy impact the rust belt of America
The global shift of economy impacted the Rust Belt of America as it caused there to be deindustrialisation and this affected areas such as Detroit as car manufacturing moved to Japan meant a decline in jobs and many has to move to find new jobs as there was high unemployment
This then lead to an increase in crime as some people had no other option so many had to steal and murder increased and was the highest of any US city of a murder rate of 45/1000
What happened to Leister with deindustrialisation
1920- over 30,000 people worked in Leisters textile mills
1960- One factory supplying knitwear for Marks and Spencer’s employed 6500 works on its own
1970- Overseas companies meant that cheaper clothes were available from Asia and many manufacturing jobs were lost in Leicester . Industries closed cause deindustrialisation
