Topic 3: Hardware

Question 1

Internet of Things

Answer 1

The connection of computer systems and everyday devices using the internet to allow data to be exchanged.

Question 2

Central Processing unit (CPU)

Answer 2

A component in a computer system that processes data and instructions.

Question 3

Microprocessor

Answer 3

An integrated circuit that is able to perform many of the functions of the CPU

Question 4

Embedded System

Answer 4

A computer system that performs a dedicated function.

Question 5

fetch - decode - execute cycle

Answer 5

The cycle through which data and instructions are processsed.

Question 6

architecture

Answer 6

The desgin of a computer system including the componenets it contains.

Question 7

Input device

Answer 7

a device that allows data to be entered into a computer system

Question 8

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Answer 8

A componenet in to the CPU that holds data and programs that are currently in use.

Question 9

Hard drive

Answer 9

A storage device that stores data permenatly until it is deleted by the user.

Question 10

Program counter (PC)

Answer 10

A component in the CPU that stores the address of the next instruction to be processed.

Question 11

Address

Answer 11

A memory location in RAM

Question 12

Memory Address Register (MAR)

Answer 12

A component in the CPU that holds the address of the data or instruction to be located in the RAM.

Question 13

Address Bus

Answer 13

Wires used for the transmission of addresses between componenets in a computer.

Question 14

Memory Data Register (MDR)

Answer 14

A componenet in the CPU that holds the data or instructions that are fetched from RAM.

Question 15

Data Bus

Answer 15

wires used for the transmission of data and instructions between componenets in a computer

Question 16

Current instructions register (CIR)

Answer 16

A register that is built into the CU that holds the current instruction that is being processed in the CPU

Question 17

Control Unit (CU)

Answer 17

The component in the CPU that controls all the operations in the CPU

Question 18

Instruction Set

Answer 18

A set of commands that can be processed by a certain CPU

Question 19

Arthmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Answer 19

The components in the CPU that performs all the mathematical and logical operations required when processing data and instructions.

Question 20

Accumulator (ACC)

Answer 20

A register that is built into the ALU that stores the result of any interim calculations.

Question 21

Control Bus

Answer 21

Wires used for the transmission of controld signial between componenets in a computer.

Question 22

Core

Answer 22

The part of the CPU that contains all the componenets that are used to perform the fetch - decode - execute cycle.

Question 23

Clock Speed

Answer 23

The number of fetch decode execute cycles that can be performed in a second.

Question 24

Cache

Answer 24

A type of storage that is built in the CPU to store the most frequently used data and instructions.

Question 25

Output Device

Answer 25

A device that can be used to obtain that results of data that have been proccessed.

Question 26

Sensor

Answer 26

A type of input device that is used to capture data from its immediate environment.

Question 27

Automated System

Answer 27

A system that is designed to operate without the need for any human intervention.

Question 28

Primary Storage

Answer 28

A type of storage that is directly accessed by the CPU

Question 29

Secondary Storage

Answer 29

A type of storage that is designed to store data permanently, until it is deleted by the user.

Question 30

Read Only Memory (ROM)

Answer 30

A type of primary storage that stores the start up instruction for the computer.

Question 31

Magnetic Storage

Answer 31

A type of secondary storage that uses the properties of magnetism to store data.

Question 32

Optical Storage

Answer 32

A type of secondary storage that uses lasers to store data.

Question 33

Solid - State Storage

Answer 33

A type of secondary storage that uses transistors to store data.

Question 34

Semi-Conductor chips

Answer 34

An electronic circuit where transistors are set on semiconducter materials such as silicon.

Question 35

Cell

Answer 35

The intersection of the rows and columns of transistors in solid-state storage.

Question 36

Transistors

Answer 36

A device that acts as a switch or gate for electronic signals.

Question 37

Control gate

Answer 37

A componenet that controls the flow of the elctrical current.

Question 38

Floating gate

Answer 38

A compoonent that can store electrical charge.

Question 39

Virtual Memory

Answer 39

A type of memory that can be used as an extenstion to the RAM

Question 40

Page

Answer 40

A unit of data

Question 41

Cloud Storage

Answer 41

data storage that is owned by a third party and accessed by the user using the internet.

Question 42

Server

Answer 42

A component that acts as a centeral reasource for the storage of data and application or for providing a service.

Question 43

Network

Answer 43

computers and devices that are joined together using cables or wireless technology.

Question 44

Network Interface Card (NIC)

Answer 44

The component in a computer that is used to connect it to a network.

Question 45

router

Answer 45

A network component that examies a data packet to obtain its destination address and then forward the packet to this address.

Question 46

Transmission media

Answer 46

The cables that are used to transfer data in a network.

Question 47

Media Access Control (MAC) address

Answer 47

The unique address that is given NIC by the manufacturer

Question 48

Data packet

Answer 48

A unit of data that is used to transmit data across a network.

Question 49

Static IP

Answer 49

An IP address that does not change each time the device connects to a network.

Question 50

Dynamic IP

Answer 50

An IP address that can change each time the device connect to a network.