Topic 3 Integumentary system (skin)

Question 1

Integumentary structures - superficial to deep (3)

Answer 1

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue (fat layer, superficial fascia)

Question 2

Overall function of the Integumentary system (5)

Answer 2

Protection ( barrier, cushioning, monitoring, UV)
Thermoragulation
Blood reservoir
Excretion (eg. Sweat)
Vitamin synthesis (eg. Vitamin D)

Question 3

The following describes?
Superficial layer
Stratified squamous epithelium
Avascular

Answer 3

Epidermis

Question 4

The are 4 types of Epidermal cells

Answer 4

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkle cells

Question 5

Epidermal cell characteristics? 
Majority of epidermal cells
Protein based coating form water proof layer
Produce keratin ( cells are keratinized)
Deeper cells constantly divide

Answer 5

Keratinocytes

Question 6

Epidermal cell characteristics?
Produce melanin (pigment); protein based

Answer 6

Melanocytes

Question 7

This type of epidermal cell is responsible for recognizing foreign and harmful antigens and help emote them; part of immune system (line of defence)

Answer 7

Langerhans cells

Question 8

This type of epidermal cell is involved in the sensation of touch (tactile epithelial cell)

Answer 8

Merkel cells

Question 9

There are 5 Epidermal layers - name them

Deep to superior

Answer 9

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

Question 10

Aka for Stratum basale

Answer 10

Stratum germinativum
(Germina = growing)

Question 11

Epidermal layer…
Has single row of keratinocytes anchored to the basement membrane;
Continuous mitosis

Answer 11

Stratum basale

Question 12

Epidermal layer…

Provides strength and flexibility to the skin

Answer 12

Stratum spinosum
(Spino = spiny, pointy)

Question 13

Epidermal layer …

Where cells are dying

Answer 13

Stratum granulosum (Forever dying cells)
(Granum = grain like)

Question 14

Epidermal layer...
Flat, dead keratinocytes 
Extra layer of cells, cells are clear 
Provides thickness and strength
Buffer layer where needed like on soles of feet

Answer 14

Stratum lucidum

Question 15

Epidermal layer…

Flat, dead keratinocytes that are shed

Answer 15

Stratum corneum
(Corne = horn)
* flat cells that curl up

Question 16

What is the connective tissue layer separating epidermis and underlying adipose layer;
Collagen and elastin
Loose aerolar “Leather layer”

Answer 16

Dermis

Question 17

Part of the integumentary system that contains…
Blood vessels, nerves
Has free nerve endings: pain, temperature
Pacing an corpuscles: pressure, vibration
Sweat and oil glands, and hair are also embedded here and continues to the epidermis

Answer 17

Epidermis

Question 18

Part of the integumentary system that contains Areolar and adipose tissue; serves as shock absorber, insulator

Answer 18

Subcutaneous tissue

Aka hypodermis

Question 19

Skin colour caracteristics…

Pale yellow to tan to black?

Answer 19

Melanin (melanocytes)

Question 20

Skin colour caracteristics…

Yellow orange

Answer 20

Carotene (kerotene component )

Question 21

Skin colour caracteristics…

Red pink

Answer 21

Hemoglobin (blood that binds to oxygen)

Question 22

Skin colour caracteristics…

Redness (erythema)

Answer 22

Inflammatory response (patho)

Question 23

Skin colour caracteristics…

Blue

Answer 23

Cyanosis (bluish colouring to skin, blue around lips)

Question 24

Skin colour caracteristics…

Blue black

Answer 24

New bruising

Question 25

Skin colour caracteristics... | Yellow

Answer 25

Jaundice

Question 26

Skin colour caracteristics... | Yellow green

Answer 26

Old bruising

Question 27

3 appendages of the skin

Answer 27

Hair, glands and nails

Question 28

Type of skin appendage... Rooted in the dermis; made up of dead keratinized cells; Structurally made up of shaft, root, follicle

Answer 28

Hair * arrector pill muscle: contract to pull the hair upright Sebaceous glands: lubricates the hair Hair colour: melanin

Question 29

Some functions of the hair?

Answer 29

Protection: scalp, eyelashes, filtration Thermoregulator Sensation

Question 30

What does the arrector pili muscle do?

Answer 30

Contract to pull the hair upright | Vestigeous function - goose bumps

Question 31

The dermis also has glands, name the 3 types

Answer 31

Sebaceous (oil), sudoriferous (sweat), ceruminous (external ear)

Question 32

This type of gland is associated with hair folecules; | Can be found all over the skin except the palms and soles;

Answer 32

Sebaceous (oil) glands

Question 33

This is secreted from the sebaceous glands; | Keeps the skin moist, prevents hair from becoming dry/brittle, and kills surface bacteria

Answer 33

Sebum (anti-microbial properties)

Question 34

Made up of keratinocytes; hardened plates of tightly packed, hard dead, keratinized epidermal cells. Function: protection, small object manipulation, scratching, health status information

Answer 34

Nails

Question 35

Condition of the skin... Damaged from acute overexposure (sunburn) DNA damage Collage and elastic fibre damage

Answer 35

Sun and skin damage

Question 36

``` Condition of the skin... Where the collagen fibres decrease in number and are not as functional Elastin loses its elasticity Fibroblasts decrease in numbers Skin becomes thinner ```

Answer 36

Aging of the skin