Topic 5 The brain

Question 1

Structure of the brain has 4 parts

Answer 1

Brain stem
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Cerebrum

Question 2

Part of brain…

Continuous with the spinal cord, it is part of the SC and diencephalon

Answer 2

Brain stem

Question 3

Brain stem is made up of 3 regions?
*These regions also contain the nuclei of specific cranial nerves
The net-like reticular formation extends through the brainstem

Answer 3

Inferior to superior…
Medulla oblongata
Pons
Midbrain

Question 4

This part of brain stem contains centres (nuclei) or the control of heart rate, blood pares sure, breathing, swallowing and vomitting

Answer 4

Medulla oblongata

Question 5

This part of the brain stem contains centres for the control of breathing

Answer 5

Pons

Question 6

This part if the brain stem contains centres for reflex visual activities (eg. Tracking moving objects, scanning/reading stationary objects), hearing
Also contains nuclei called substantial nigra

Answer 6

Midbrain

Question 7

Neurons that make dopamine (neurotransmitter) extend from it

Answer 7

Substantia nigra

Question 8

A net-like formation of neural tissue that spreads throughout the brain stem

Answer 8

Reticular formation

Question 9

Reticular formation contains the reticular activating system (RAS) which helps what?

Answer 9

Consciousness
Maintain attention
Prevent sensory overload by filtering insignificant information
Regulate muscle tone

Question 10

Section of brain that is posterior to the brain stem
Smoothies and coordinates skeletal contraction
Regulates posture and balance

Answer 10

Cerebellum

Question 11

This part of the brain includes: hypothalamus, thalamus, epithalamus

Answer 11

Diencephalon

Question 12

Is the major regulator of homeostasis;
Controls and integrates the automatic nervous system (rest/digest - fight/flight;
Hormone production
Emotion and behaviour (with limbic system)
Eating, drinking
Body temperature
Circadian rhythm

Answer 12

Hypothalamus

Question 13

Def.

A 24hr cycle in the biochemical, physiological and/ or behavioural processes of living things

Answer 13

Circadian rhythm

Question 14

The major relay station of the cerebral cortex

Answer 14

Thalamus

Question 15

Contains the pineal gland;

Involved in smelling (especially responses to smells)

Answer 15

Epithalamus

Question 16

Largest region of the brain consisting of 2 halves / hemispheres (right and left)

Answer 16

Cerebrum

Question 17

Cerebrum consists of 3 zones…
1 - An outer rim of grey known as?
* an inner region of white matter; and
Grey matter nuclei deep within the white

Answer 17

Cerebral cortex

Question 18

Part of the cerebrum that contains sensory areas involved in perception
Contains motor areas involved in the execution of voluntary movement (motor cortex)

Answer 18

Cerebral cortex

Question 19

Section of the cerebrum that deals with no complex functions like memory, emotions, reasoning, will, judgement, personality traits, intelligence, thought processes

Answer 19

White matter (association areas)

Question 20

These help to regulate the starting and stopping of movements
Help control subconscious contraction of skeletal muscles
Help to suppress unwanted movement
Help to set resting muscle tone
Functionally, these are linked to the substantial nigra (dopamine production)

Answer 20

Basal ganglia
Aka. Basal nuclei
Peripheral neurons located in the CNS