Topic 3: Lymphatic system Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
what is lymph
A
- tissue fluid (interstitial fluid) that enters the lymphatic vessels
- from previous chp: clear nearly colourless alkaline fluid that occupies the space between al cells of the body
2
Q
venous system carries deoxygenated or oxygenated blood
A
deoxygenated blood
3
Q
arterial system carries deoxygenated or oxygenated blood
A
oxygenated
4
Q
lymphatic system essentially a drainage system accessory to
A
venous system
5
Q
what is venous system
A
the network of veins that deliver deoxygenated blood back to the heart
6
Q
larger particles that escape into tissue fluid can only be removed via
A
lymphatic system
7
Q
functions of lymphatic system
A
- reabsorps excess interstitial fluid
- transportary diet lipids
- lymphocytes development
- immune response
From previous chp:
1.transport fluid one way back to bloodstream - transport proteins and fluids lost by capillary seepage back to the bloodstream
- pathway for the absorption of fats from small intestine to bloodstream
8
Q
explain lymphatic system function for the reabsorption of excess interstitial fluid
A
- returns it to venous circulation
- maintain blood volume levels
- prevent interstitial fluid levels from rising out of control
9
Q
explain lymphatic system function for the transportation of dietary lipids
A
- transported thru lacteals
- drain into larger lymphatic vessels
- eventually into the bloodstream
10
Q
components of lymphatic system
A
- lymph
- lymphatic vessels
- lymphatic organs
- lymphatic cells
11
Q
lymphatic vessels:
A
lymphatic capillaries
lymphatic vessels
lymphatic trunks
lymphatic ducts
12
Q
lymphatic organs:
A
thymus gland
lymph nodes
tonsils
spleen
13
Q
the flow of lymph
A
lymphatic capillary -> lymphatic vessel -> lymphatic node-> lymphatic vessel -> lymphatic trunk -> collecting duct -> subclavian vein
14
Q
lymphatic capillariy has ____ end
A
blind
15
Q
lymphatic capillaries structure
A
- blind end
- single layer of overlapping endothelial cells
- more permeable than blood capillaries
- absent from avascular structures, brain, spinal chord, splenic pulp, bone marrow
16
Q
lymphatic capillaries absent in
A
avascular structures, brain, spinal chord, splenic pulp, bone marrow
17
Q
special types of lymphatic capillaries in small intestine
A
lacteals
18
Q
lacteals pick up
A
intestitial fluid, dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins
19
Q
the lymph in small intestine colour is
A
milky colour due to the lipid, also called as chyle
20
Q
the lymph from small intestine called
A
chyle
21
Q
which one is thinner, wall in vein or lymphatic vessel
A
lymphatic vessel
22
Q
lymphatic vessel has ___ layered wall
A
3
23
Q
which one has more valves, vein or lymphatic vessels
A
lymphatic vessel
24
Q
lymphatic vessel arranged in
A
superficial and deep sets
25
lymphatic vessel structures
1. three layered wall but thinner than vein
2. numerous valves than in vein
3. interposed by lymph nodes at interval
4. arranged in superficial and deep sets
26
lymph trunks consists of
1. right and left jugular trunks
2. right and left subclavian trunks
3. right and left bronchomediastinal trunks
4. right and left lumbar trunks
5. intestinal trunk
27
right lymphatic duct formed by the union of
right jugular, subclavian, bronchomediastinal trunks and ends by entering the right venous angle
28
thoracic duct
tbc
29
right lymphatic duct receives lymph from
right half of the head, neck, thorax and right upper limb, right lung, right side of heart, right surface of liver
30
thoracic duct drains lymph from
lower limbs, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, left side of thorax and left side of the head, neck and left upper limb
31
lymphatic cells also called as
lymphoid cells
32
where lymphatic cells located
located in both the lymphatic system and the cardiovascular system that work tgt to elicit an immune response
33
types of lymphatic cells
macrophages
epithelial cells
dendritic cells
lymphocytes
34
primary lymphatic organs
red bone marrow
| thymus gland
35
secondary organs
lymph nodes
lymph nodules
spleen
36
lymph nodes shape
small, round or oval
37
lymph node located
along the pathways of lymph vessels or the flexural side of the joint
38
lymph nodes lenght
1-25 mm
39
typically found in clusters
lymph nodes (also found individually)
40
lymph nodes receive lymph from
many body regions
41
lymph node features shape
bean-shaped bodies
42
name the two types of vessel lymph node has
afferent vessel (entering at the periphery) and efferent lymph vessel (emerging at the hilus)
43
where is lymph node located
along the blood vessels or the flexural side of the join
44
lymph node arranged in
groups
45
lymph node divided into
superficial and deep groups
46
list the features of lymph node
1. bean-shaped bodies
2. with afferent vessels (entering the periphery) and efferent lymph vessels (emergint at the hilus)
3. arranged in groups
4. along the blood vessels or the flexural side of the joint
5. divided into superficial and deep groups
47
regional lymph node is
the lymph node where the lymph of the organ or part of the body drainage to firstly
48
sentinel lymph node is
the first lymph node that directly receives lymphatic drainage from the tumor (in clinic)
49
spleen location
- left epigastric region
- between 9th-11th rib
- in line with the 10th rib
50
what is the largest lymphatic organ in the body
spleen
51
can vary considerably in size and weight:
spleen
52
thymus consists of:
two elongated lobes
53
the large organ in the fetus is
thymus
54
thymus occupies the
thoracic cavity behind the sternum
55
thymus secrete:
lymphopoietin
56
thymus features
1. consists of two elongated lobes
2. the large organ in the fetus
3. occupies the thoracic cavity behind the sternum
4. secrete lymphopoietin
57
lymphatic nodules definition
OVAL clusters of lymphatic cells with some extracellular matrix that are not surrounded by connective tissues
58
lymphatic nodules function
filter and attack antigen
59
in some areas of the body, many lymphatic nodules group tgt to form larger structures. what is the ‘larger structure’?
mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) or tonsils
60
where does the MALT prominent
very prominent in the mucosa of the small intestine, primarily in the ileum: peyer’s patches
61
MALT present in (MALT examples);
peyer’s patches, tonsils, appendix, lymphoid nodules in the wall of the bronchi (respiratory tract)
62
MALT function
to protect the digestive and respiratory systems from foreign matter
63
tonsils definition
clusters of lymphatic cells and extracellular matrix that are not completely surrounded by the connective tissue
64
tonsils consist of
multiple germinal centers and crypts
65
several groups of tonsils form:
protective ring around the pharynx
66
what are the protective ring around the pharynx
1. pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids in nasopharynx
2. palatine tonsils in oral cavity
3. lingual tonsils along pasterion one-third of the tongue
67
name diseases that related to lymphatic tissues
1. lymphangitis
2. filariasis
3. lymphedema
4. lymphadenopathy
5. lymphoma
6. tonsillitis
7. splenomegaly
68
what is lymphangitis
inflammation in the lymph vessels
69
most common bacteria that causes lymphangitis
Streptococcus pyogenes
70
lymphangitis symptom
lymph vessels appear as red streaks through the skin
71
example of mosquito that causes filariasis
culex mosquito
72
worms that cause filariasis
Wucheria broncofti and Brugia malayi
73
how filariasis occur
1. microfilaria from an infected person enter mosquito in a blood meal
2. microfilaria mature into infective larvae in the mosquito and are injected into new host
3. larvae mature into adult worms and spread thru the lymphatic vessels where they mate and lay eggs
4. the cycle continues
74
lymphedema occurs due to
the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitial tissue
75
lymphedema sometimes can be appreciated after wearing
tight clothing or jewellery on affected limb
76
lymphedema means
a disease of the lymph nodes
77
lymphadenopathy symptoms
lymph nodes become swollen/ enlargd and may be painful to touch
78
lymphoma is
cancer originating either from the lymphocytes in lymph nodes or the lymphatic tissue in organs
79
risk factors of lymphoma
HIV, Hepatitis, EBV infection
80
what is tonsilitis
infection of the pharyngeal tonsils
81
tonsillitis symptoms
tonsils are swollen, fever, pain during swallowing
82
treatment for tonsillitis
surgical removal of tonsils: tonsillectomy
83
splenomegaly:
enlarged spleen
| various causes
