Topic 3: nicotine

Question 1

treats

Answer 1

asthma, cough, toothache, sedative
scorpion stings
snakebites

Question 2

genus

Answer 2

Nicotiana, named after Jean Nicot fresh ambassador to Portugal

Question 3

native to

Answer 3

SA

Question 4

Columbus

Answer 4

Cuba 1492

natives drinking smoke

Question 5

who popularized tobacco smoking in Elizabethan England

Answer 5

John Hawkins, Frances Drake, Walter Raleigh

Question 6

most tobacco used today is from

Answer 6

Nicotinana tabacum

Question 7

John Rolfe

Answer 7

cultivate N. rustica in Virginia, 17th cent. 
doesn't compete with tabacum 
virginia tabacco (N. tabacum)

Question 8

Nicotine as insecticide

Answer 8

WW2

waste from tobacco industry

Question 9

family

Answer 9

Slanaceae

“herbs of consolation”

Question 10

nicotine

Answer 10

major alkaloid, pyrrolidine , presence of ring structure containing N 
synthesized in root
stored in leaf 
one of the most toxic drugs ever known 
acts almost as fast as cyanide 
most addictive drug in widespread use

Question 11

M. sexta

Answer 11

tobacco specialist

tobacco hornworm grows slow on high nicotine diets

Question 12

Posset and Remagnet

Answer 12

isolated/structure of nicotine

Question 13

nicotine composition

Answer 13

pyridine + N-methylpyrrolidine ring

• Nicotinate
• nicotinic acid/Vitamin B3/niacin (essential for E metabolism and DNA repair), water soluble vitamin
• nicotine synthase activity

Question 14

Nornicotine

Answer 14

undesired
precursor for carcinogen
detected in urine

Question 15

Synthesis

Answer 15

condensation of an intermediate in the NAD salvage pathway and the methylpyrrolinium cation form ornithine via putrescine

Question 16

physiology effects (diseases)

Answer 16

lung cancer, coronary disease, emphysema of the lungs

Question 17

physiology

Answer 17

stimulant, represent, tranq.
analgesic
causes release of adrenaline from adrenal glands
activates reward pathway -> addiction!

Question 18

lethal dose

Answer 18

60mg/kg

Question 19

low nicotine effects

Answer 19

increase BP, HR

nausea, weakness, dizziness

Question 20

high nicotine effects

Answer 20

convulsions
paralysis
suffocation
blocks cholinergic channels

Question 21

affects

Answer 21

CNS and ANS (PNS)

Question 22

ANS effects

Answer 22

mimics acetylcholine

Question 23

CNS effects

Answer 23

increased arousal

Question 24

nAChR

Answer 24

ligand gated ion channel

neuromuscular junction

Question 25

nicotine introduced to system

Answer 25

binds to nAChR agonist and eventually antagonist

Question 26

Cholinergic system in insects vs mammals

Answer 26

limited to CNS both CNS and PNS

Question 27

metabolism and elimination

Answer 27

deactivated in liver | effects hypothalamus, leads to release of ADH, preventing elimination from kidneys

Question 28

liver metabolism

Answer 28

``` number of metabolites most import. is cotinine 80%. 2 steps: 1. by cytochrome P450 - produce nicotine imodium salt 2. catalysed by aldehyde oxidase (AOX) ``` another is Nicotine N'oxide (NNO) 7%

Question 29

3HC

Answer 29

main nicotine metabolite detected in urine

Question 30

3HC-Gluc

Answer 30

40-60% of nicotine dose in urine

Question 31

CNO

Answer 31

reduced back to NNO in vivo

Question 32

plant consumption and performance of M. seat larvae were _______ correlated with constitutive levels in nicotine lab feeding trials

Answer 32

negatively

Question 33

only IRpmt plants had

Answer 33

strongly reduced nicotine content

Question 34

low nicotine lines...

Answer 34

more likely to be fed on

Question 35

low nicotine line

Answer 35

phenotype caused by synergistic effect of loci: nic1 and nic2

Question 36

acetylaldehyde

Answer 36

increases reward properties of nicotine also in tobacco smoke age related effect (younger animals had more sensitivity)

Question 37

M. sexta prefer and grew faster on

Answer 37

IRpmt than WT strains

Question 38

diff between WT and IRpmt lines?

Answer 38

dramatic reduction of MeJA elicited and constitutive nicotine production increase in antabine content