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IMMUNOHEMA OFFSEM PM > TOPIC 3 - P3 > Flashcards

TOPIC 3 - P3 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Improper specimen (refrigerated, clotted) may cause in vitro complement attachment.

A

False-positive

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2
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ overcentrifugation and overreading

A

False-positive

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3
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ centrifugation after the incubation phase when PEG or other positively polymers are used as an enhancement medium

A

False-positive

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4
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Bacterial contamination of cells or saline used in washing

A

False-positive

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5
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Dirty glassware

A

False-positive

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5
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Presence of fibrin in the test tube may mimic agglutination

A

False-positive

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6
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Cells with a positive DAT will yield a positive IAT

A

False-positive

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7
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Polyagglutinable cells

A

False-positive

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8
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Saline contaminated by heavy metals or colloidal silica

A

False-positive

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9
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ using a serum sample for a DAT (use EDTA, ACD or CPD anticoagulated blood)

A

False-positive

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10
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Samples collected in gel separator tubes may have unauthentic complement attachment

A

False-positive

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11
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Complement attachment when specimens are collected from infusion lines infusing dextrose solutions.

A

False-positive

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12
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Preservative-dependent antibody directed against reagents

A

False-positive

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13
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Inadequate or improper washing of cells

A

False-negative

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14
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Failure to wash additional times when increased serum volumes are used

A

False-negative

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15
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Contamination of AHG by extraneous protein (i.e., glove, wrong dropper)

A

False-negative

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16
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ High concentration of IgG paraproteins in test serum

A

False-negative

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17
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Early dissociation of bound IgG from RBCs due to interruption in testing

A

False-negative

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18
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Early dissociation of bound IgG from RBCs due to improper testing temperature (i.e, saline or AHG too cold or hot)

A

False-negative

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19
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ AHG reagent nonreactive because of deterioration or neutralization (improper reagent storage)

A

False-negative

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20
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Excessive heat or repeated freezing and thawing of test serum

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A

False-negative

21
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Serum nonreactive because of deterioration of complement

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A

False-negative

22
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ AHG reagent, test serum, or enhancement medium not added

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A

False-negative

23
Q

(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING)

DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE…

✓ Under-centrifuged or over-centrifuged

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A

False-negative

24
(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING) DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE... ✓ Cell suspension either too weak or too heavy
False-negative
25
(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING) DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE... ✓ Serum: cell ratios are not ideal
False-negative
26
(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING) DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE... ✓ Rare antibodies are present that are only detectable with polyspecific AHG and when active complement is present.
False-negative
27
(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING) DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE... ✓ Low PH of saline
False-negative
28
(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING) DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE... ✓ Inadequate incubation conditions in the IAT
False-negative
29
(SOURCES OF ERROR IN ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN TESTING) DETERMINE IF FALSE-POSITIVE OR FALSE-NEGATIVE... ✓ Poor reading technique
False-negative
30
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique _________ reported on the adaptation of the automated low ionic polybrene (LIP) technique
1980: Lalezari and Jiang
31
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique relies on _________ to rapidly sensitize cells with antibody
low ionic conditions
32
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique _______ potent rouleaux-forming reagent
Polybrene:
33
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique Polybrene is added to allow the sensitized cells to approach each other and permit cross-linking by the attached antibody. Then a _________ is then added to reverse the rouleaux
high ionic strength solution
34
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique + reaction: ________
presence of agglutination
35
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique If performed,__________ reagent must be used
monospecific anti-IgG
36
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique ___________ used microplates for a number of different grouping procedures (includes IAT)
Crawford and colleagues
37
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique ________ adapted the LIP technique for use in microplates
Redman and associates
38
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 1. Low Ionic Polybrene Technique ________ antibody is missed
anti-Kidd
39
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 2. Enzyme-linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) procedure: 1. _________ is added to a microtiter well and washed with saline 2. _____, which has been labeled with an enzyme, is added 3. _______ will bind to IgG-sensitized RBCs 4. Excess antibody is removed, and _______ is added. 5. Amount of color produced is measured _______ - optical density is usually measured at _____
1. RBC suspension 2. AHG 3. Enzyme-labeled AHG 4. enzyme substrate 5. spectrophotometrically ; 405 nm
40
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 3. Solid Phase Technology uses either ______ or_________
test tubes or microplates
41
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 3. Solid Phase Technology DAT: antibody is attached to a ________, and RBCs are added.
microplate well
42
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 3. Solid Phase Technology _______ If antibody is specific for antigen on RBCs, the bottom of the well will be covered with suspension
[(+) rxn]
43
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 3. Solid Phase Technology if no such specificity occurs, RBCs will settle to the bottom of the well ______
[(-) rxn]
44
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 3. Solid Phase Technology IAT: known RBCs are bound to a well that has been treated with _______ or _____. Test serum is added to RBC-coated wells, and if antibody in serum is specific for antigen on fixed RBCs, a positive reaction occurs (same with (+) rxn above)
glutaraldehyde or poly L-lysine
45
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 4. Gel Test process that detects RBC antigen-antibody reactions by means of using a chamber filled with ___________ gel acts as a trap; free unagglutinated RBCs form pellets in the bottom of the tube [_____], whereas agglutinated RBCs are trapped in the tube for hours [_______]
polyacrylamide gel ; (-) rxn ; (+) rxn
46
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 4. Gel Test ________: does not contain any specific reagent and acts only by its property of trapping agglutinates main applications: _______ and identification with _______ or _____and _________
Neutral gel ; antibody screening ; enzyme-treated or untreated RBCs ; reverse ABO typing
47
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 4. Gel Test ________ use a specific reagent incorporated into the gel useful for _________
Specific gel tests ; antigen determination
48
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 4. Gel Test __________: AHG reagent is incorporated into the gel. Ex. in an IAT gel, ____ of a 0.8% RBC suspension is pipetted onto a gel containing AHG, serum is added, and the tube is ______ after a period of incubation
C. Gel low ionic antiglobulin test (GLIAT) - 50 μL ; centrifuged
49
(Modified and Automated Antiglobulin Test Techniques) 4. Gel Test C. GLIAT - For the DAT, 50 μL of a 0.8% RBC suspension in ______ (ID-Diluent 2) is added to the top of each microtube of the LISS/Coombs ID cards. The cards are centrifuged at ________ for ____
LISS solution ; 910 rpm for 10 minutes.

IMMUNOHEMA OFFSEM PM (7 decks)

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