Topic 3 - Particle Model Of Matter Flashcards
(33 cards)
How do you calculate density?
Density kg/m (cubed) = mass kg / volume m (cubed)
P=m/v
What can the particle model be used to explain?
Different states of matter and differences in density
Describe a solid.
Strong forces of attraction
Fixed, regular arrangement
Vibrate around fixed positions
High density
Describe a liquid.
Weaker forces of attraction
Particles close together but can move past each other
Irregular arrangements
More energy than solid - move at random directions slowly
Less dense than solids
Describe a gas.
No forces of attraction between particles
More energy than solids and liquids
Free to move in random directions at high speeds
Low density
What happens when you heat a liquid?
It evaporate and becomes a gas
What happens when you heat a solid?
It melts and becomes a liquid
What happens when you cool a gas?
It condenses and becomes a liquid
What happens when you cool a liquid?
It freezes and becomes a solid
What is a change of state?
A physical change which differs from a chemical change because the material recovers its original properties of the change is reversed
How do you change a solid to a gas?
Sublimating
What is internal energy?
Energy that is stored inside a system by the particles that make up a system
Define internal energy in terms of energies.
The total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the make up a system
What changes the energy stored within a system? And why?
Heating it as it increases the energy of the particles, which either raises the temperature of the system of changes its state.
What does the increase of temperature of a system of particles depend on?
Mass of substance heated
Type of material
Energy put into the system
How do you calculate change in thermal energy?
Mass kg x specific heat capacity J/kg *c x temperature change *c
What is the specific heat capacity of a substance?
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kg of the substance by one degree Celsius
What happens when a change of state happens?
The energy supplied changes the energy stored (internal energy) but the the temperature
What is latent heat?
The energy needed for a substance to change state
What is specific latent heat?
The amount of energy required or change the state of one kg of the substance with no change in temperature
How do you calculate specific latent heat?
Energy change for a change of state J / mass kg
What is the specific latent heat of fusion?
The change of state from solid to liquid
What is specific latent heat or vaporisation?
Change of state from liquid to gas
What is the motion of particles in a a gas described as?
Contestant random motion
