Topic 3: Physical and Cognitive Developmental Changes in YA

Question 1

What stage of adulthood is the human body at its peak?

Answer 1

young adult

Question 2

The changes at the YA stage is slow and gradual. T/F?

Answer 2

T

Question 3

Thin and graying hair may appear by what age?

Answer 3

35 years old

Question 4

Men often experience hereditary baldness around what age?

Answer 4

30 years old

Question 5

How much does the basal metabolic rate decrease by during YA?

Answer 5

5-25%

Question 6

By what age do vision, hearing, taste, touch, and balance begin to decline noticeably?

Answer 6

40 years old

Question 7

Slow decline in organ efficiency starts at what age?

Answer 7

early 20s

Question 8

Ovulation remains regular. T/F?

Answer 8

F. Ovulation becomes less regular + ova starts to deteriorate

Question 9

Brain development more or less stops at early adulthood. T/F?

Answer 9

F. It continues.

Question 10

At what age does reproductive capacity peak for women?

Answer 10

20s

Question 11

Muscle growth peaks at what age?

Answer 11

early 20s

Question 12

Muscle growth reaches its maximum strength by what age?

Answer 12

30 years old

Question 13

Muscle mass, strength, and overall function gradually decline significantly by what age?

Answer 13

40 years old

Question 14

Joint stiffness may occur around 28 years old. This is due to what?

Answer 14

slight decrease in synovial fluid

Question 15

Wrinkles and hereditary baldness typically appear at what age?

Answer 15

30 years old

Question 16

YA could be characterized by what characteristics (hint: involves societal expectations)?

Answer 16

1. mature and committed relationships
2. adult roles/responsibilities
3. independence and autonomy in fundamental tasks
4. transition into the workforce
5. co-creation of their own developmental pathways

Question 17

Give 3 examples of positively perceived physical changes YA experience.

Answer 17

peak physical performance, optimal reproductive health, fast recovery & resilience

Question 18

What are the 3 coping mechanisms YA could use to minimize negative effects of aging?

Answer 18

exercise & fitness, dietary adjustments, cosmetic solutions

Question 19

What are the most common chronic diseases in YA?

Answer 19

1. Hypertension
2. Diabetes
3. CVD
4. STDs
5. Mental Health Issues

Question 20

YAs are vulnerable to cardiovascular risk factors, particularly in developed nations. T/F?

Answer 20

F. It’s more apparent in developing nations like the Philippines.

Question 21

What are contributing factors to STDs in the Philippines?

Answer 21

1. knowledge gaps
2. persistent stigma
3. health misinformation

Question 22

There is a higher occurance of depression associated with suicidal ideation in which sex?

Answer 22

Females

Question 23

Suicidal attempts and psychological distress are higher in those aged 25-35 years old than those of early adults aged below 25. T/F?

Answer 23

F. Young adults below 25 are noted to have higher rates.

Question 24

What are risk factors associated with diabetes?

Answer 24

obese class II, alcohol, smoking

Question 25

What is the leading cause of death in YAs in the Philippines?

Answer 25

CVD

Question 26

Memory starts to decline in young adulthood. T/F?

Answer 26

F. In fact, it peaks.

Question 27

Young adults show _______ memory and attention spans compared to aged adults and children.

Answer 27

longer

Question 28

Working Memory Capacity is closely related to what?

Answer 28

maturation of prefrontal regions

Question 29

What kind of thinking notably emerges at young adulthood?

Answer 29

dialectical thinking

Question 29

YAs are characterized by what kind of intelligence?

Answer 29

fluid intelligence

Question 30

What lifespan period is said to be a period of growth and development for wisdom-related characteristics?

Answer 30

Young Adulthood

Question 30

Postformal thought is said to emerge in YAs, what does this lead to?

Answer 30

it is a form of thinking that is flexible and adaptive + opens individuals up to contradictions that may lead to numerous outcomes

Question 31

A thought process that is holistic in approach, emphasizing changes and opening up to various factors and new perspectives in approaching situations.

Answer 31

dialectical thinking

Question 32

Complete the list: Dualism > Multiplicity > ___________

Answer 32

relativism

Question 33

What is dualism?

Answer 33

the perception of knowledge as absolute; "black and white"

Question 34

What is multiplicity?

Answer 34

the recognition of multiple and different perspectives in a particular problem.

Question 35

What is relativism?

Answer 35

the recognition of multiple "correct" perspectives answers to a particular problem

Question 36

Young adults are considered the most creative group in terms of fluency and originality of ideas. T/F?

Answer 36

T

Question 37

What traits related to higher-order functions are developed in young adults?

Answer 37

impulse and emotional control

Question 38

What are common cognitive decline symptoms during YA?

Answer 38

information processing speed, memory, creativity, executive functions

Question 39

Lack of sleep may lead to what?

Answer 39

increased likelihood of acquiring cognitive impairment

Question 39

Physical activity contributes to positive cognitive functions like?

Answer 39

learning, problem solving, emotional balance

Question 40

Which micronutrients play a role in cognitive health?

Answer 40

B vitamins, iron, polyphenols

Question 40

Chronic psychological stress promotes the production of what?

Answer 40

adrenal production of glucocorticoids (E.g. cortisol). *prolonged elevated level = memory impairment

Question 41

In normal age-related cognitive decline, how are ADLs affected?

Answer 41

affects thinking speed and attention

Question 42

In abnormal age-related decline, how are ADLs affected?

Answer 42

rapid forgetting, difficulty in navigation & problem solving, and difficulty in expression. May also affect motor functions

Question 43

What is cognitive reserve?

Answer 43

the brain's ability to find and improvise alternate ways of getting activity done

Question 44

What theory suggests that the depletion of neural resources activates compensatory mechanisms such as neural reorganization and repair, allowing young adults to sustain cognitive function?

Answer 44

Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC-r)

Question 45

To maintain cognitive performance, scaffolding may be reflected as what?

Answer 45

increase in brain activity, recruitment of alternative brain regions, generation of neurons

Question 46

YAs tend to utilize what kinds of techniques to enhance memory performance, executive functioning, and task performance?

Answer 46

visualization and association, compensatory tools (E.g. calendar, notes, etc.)

Question 47

Give me one example of a legislation that promotes t expand access to higher education and encourages the trend of pursuing formal education.

Answer 47

Higher Education Act of 1994

Question 48

What are things YAs could do to preserve mental capacity?

Answer 48

1. Job/Work Participation 2. Physical Activity 3. Music 4. Other activities

Question 49

What skills are utilized when a person participates in a job? (hint: improves memory functioning and cognitive health)

Answer 49

analytic and social interaction skills

Question 50

Actively listening to music enhances what kind of memory?

Answer 50

episodic memory via stimulation of hippocampus