Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OT121: Lifespan Development II > Topic 3: Physical and Cognitive Developmental Changes in MA > Flashcards

Topic 3: Physical and Cognitive Developmental Changes in MA Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Hair thinning and hair loss are attributed to what hormones?

A

Women: reduced estrogen
Men: increased dihydrotestosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Skin sagging is primarily due to what?

A

loss of underlying fat and muscle tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the metabolism in MA.

A

metabolism slows down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The slowing down of metabolism leads to this phenomenon in MA?

A

Middle-age spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What changes in vision are observed in MA?

A

presbyopia & worsening of night vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

There is an increased sensitivity to glare and difficulty seeing in low-light for people in MA. T/F?

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why does night vision naturally worsen with aging?

A

lens thickens + pupil becomes smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What changes in hearing are observed in MA?

A

Presbycusis & Tinnitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What condition causes the loss of hearing acuity and fast decline of higher pitches?

A

presbycusis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tinnitus manifests typically at what age?

A

40-80 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The decline in hearing also leads to a decline in balance (vestibulocochlear nerve). T/F?

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What changes are observed in Taste & Smell in MA?

A

decreased/shrinkage of taste buds, decreased saliva production, diminished sense of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What changes are observed in Touch & Pain Perception in MA?

A

number of nerve endings in the skin decreases, nerve conduction slows down, sensitivity to temperature decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

By what age do individuals experience diminished sensitivity to pain?

A

50 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sarcopenia can begin as early as what age?

A

40 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fat accumulation in what area is commonly observed in MA?

A

stomach area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What changes in the cardiovascular system is observed in MA?

A
  1. increased risk for CVD
  2. Atherosclerosis
  3. Hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

build up of fatty plaque in arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

With regard to the gastrointestinal system of an MA individual, what conditions are common?

A

gallstones and heartburn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cognitive function starts to decline and plasticity slows down during MA. T/F?

A

F. Brain continues to have plasticity according to mid-age experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The amount of brain white matter increases till what age before declining?

A

50s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Total number of glomeruli declines in MA. T/F?

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The gradual decline of the immune system in MA causes what implications?

A
  1. less able to distinguish foreign substances.
  2. macrophage works slower
  3. Fewer WBC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Chronic background inflammation rises at what age?

A

55 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the implication of chronic background inflammation?
reduces the ability of the body to respond to infections or vaccinations
26
What happens to hormone receptors during MA?
becomes less sensitive (most prominent in sex hormones)
27
What does climacteric mean?
the decline of fertility during midlife
28
What hormones primarily decline due to menopause?
progesterone and estrogen
29
Male equivalent of menopause.
andropause
30
Strength starts to decline progressively by what age?
40 years old
31
Musculoskeletal hand issues become more common after what age?
50 years old
32
Decline in coordination, stability, and balance may be attributed to what?
bones shrinking in size and density
33
Reaction time ______ due to aging.
decreases
34
The reduction in balance and agility in MA increases the risk of _________.
falling
35
What factors could motivate MA adults into education?
personal interest in a subject or aspirations for career advancements
36
What type of leisure is popular amongst MA people?
Watching TV
37
What factors may affect the health of MA individuals?
1. Intergenerational Dynamic 2. Financial Vulnerabilities 3. Depression, Distress, & Well-being 4. Job Stability 5. Retirement 6. Education 7. LGBTQ+ 8. Diet, Smoking, Exercise Behaviors, Weight, etc. 9. Lifestyle 10. Culture, Race Discrimination
38
Rates of depression, anxiety, and serious psychological distress are highest in ______ for people who are LGBTQ+.
midlife
39
How can a person in MA cope with physical changes?
1. physical activity 2. healthy diet 3. cosmetic and supplements 4. changing appearance
40
Between what ages are perceptions of physical losses remain relatively stable?
40-65 years old
40
Self image declines around what age for some people?
55 years old
40
What is the overall perspective on aging by MA?
Acceptance leads to growth and new experiences
41
What is the most common cause of death for people in MA?
CVD and cancer
42
What is the most common health condition for men?
fatal chronic conditions (e.g. heart disease, cancer, stroke, etc.)
43
What is the most common health condition for women?
non-fatal illnesses (e.g. arthritis, varicose veins, etc.)
44
What is the most prevalent condition in MA as a whole?
Osteoarthritis
45
OA happens in a ______ progression. Hence, early intervention is crucial.
gradual
46
Heart disease is associated with worse ________ function.
physical
47
What are the key risk factors for heart disease?
hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia
48
What is the main cause of death for adults ≥ 40 years old?
hypertension
49
What is the most prevalent mental disorder among MA adults?
depression & anxiety
50
Processing speed declines starting 30s but is more pronounced in what stage of adulthood?
middle adulthood
51
Inconsistencies in response times and cognitive abilities amongst MA adults are due to what?
increased intraindividual variability / fluctuations in cognitive performance
52
What kind of memories decline during MA?
episodic and working memory
53
What kind of memories remain intact during MA?
semantic and procedural memory
54
In terms of attention, what declines during MA?
decline in divided and selective attention
55
What is divided attention?
doing two things at once (multitasking)
56
What is selective attention?
focusing one thing (filtering out distractions)
57
Sustained attention peaks at what age?
40s
58
In work, what is the observable midlife crisis of MA adults?
monotony
59
What kind of knowledge increases through work for MA adults?
tacit knowledge
60
_____ learning over rote learning is more commonly used.
meaningful
61
MA adults require more time to learn things but it also retains longer. T/F?
T
62
How do MA adults compensate for changes in cognitive function?
active lifestyle, crystallized intelligence, sleep
63
How can MA adults maintain cognitive health?
engage in cognitively stimulating activities, participation in social activities, physical activities

OT121: Lifespan Development II (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions