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Stuarts > topic 3 - social and intellectual challenge > Flashcards

topic 3 - social and intellectual challenge Flashcards

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1
Q

what happened to the population from 1520 to 1680

A

it doubled from 2.5 million to 5 million

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2
Q

what was the rate of population per year

A

0.5%

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3
Q

when did a large number of migrants arrive

A

1651

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4
Q

where was migration most notable

A

towns

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5
Q

how much of the population in Norwich were migrants

A

35% - moving to find work

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6
Q

how did job security effect migration

A

job security found mostly in towns which led to more children being born

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7
Q

how much of the population outside of London lived in towns

A

5%

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8
Q

what effect did the black death in 1348 have on the population

A

population was 1.5 million

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9
Q

what was the long term effect of the black death epidemic

A

populattion became more adept at isolating themselves and closing public spaces e.g theartres

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10
Q

what happened to the population of children that died during the great plague 1665

A

replaced within 10 years from survivng adult population

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11
Q

when elder family members died, what opportunity did this produce

A

younger members to marry
young marriage = more children

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12
Q

when did fertility reach a low, when did it rise again and why

A

reached a low in 1650 and rose again in 1680
due to the massive growth in London

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13
Q

why was tere a decline in fertility in 1650

A

late average age of first marriages

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14
Q

what was the average age to marry in the middle of the century

A

26 - 28

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15
Q

in 1600 what was the average age to marry

A

24 - 26

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16
Q

where did London become the biggest city in 1650

A

of western europe

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17
Q

what was the population in London during 1650

A

500,000 - 400,000
x10 bigger than Norwich and Bristol

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18
Q

what percentage of the population lived in London

A

7%
9% in 1700

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19
Q

what effect did Londons population growth have on agriculture

A

agrigcultural goods and 400% more grain between 1600 - 80

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20
Q

how could London support its increasing demand for goods

A

it was at the heart of road and shipping network

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21
Q

in 1600, how many towns had a population with over 5,000

A

8

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22
Q

by 1700, how many towns had a population with over 5,000

A

over 30

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23
Q

how many inhabitants did Norwich have, and why

A

30,000 inhabitants
centre of East Anglican cloth industry

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24
Q

how many inhabitants did Bristol have

A

20,000

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25
what did the North East of England become known as
the centre of coal exteaction industry
26
what happened to the coal extraction industry when the scots invaded in 1640
scots occupied the city led to a massive coal shortage in London
27
how did population growth effect poverty
poverty increased
28
what did people become classified as due to poverty
vagrants
29
what is a vagrant
due to poverty - a person would wonderf rom town to town to beg for employment
30
what impact did population have on working
caused shortages of work in towns and countrysides
31
how much of the urban population lived near poverty lines
2/3
32
what are poverty lines
living with minimum level on income, striving for basic needs
33
what effect did no work have on Norwich
inhabintants that were enganged in trades with the cloth industry lived below the poverty line due to not being enough work to go around
34
how much land was devoted to the growing of crops
9,000,000 acres -wheat and barley
35
how did the infaltion in 1650 effect small landowners
unable to invest in their farm and had to sell their land
36
what waas the ffect of small landowners having to sell their land due to infaltion
aristocracy and gentry were the only landowners that were wealthy enough to invest
37
what happened to small farms due to rising population
small farms closed in place of bigger farms that could focus on one crop or animal
38
what happened to the owners of small farms once they had sold their land
owners became vagrants and eligable for poor relief
39
what percent of people lived in towns by 1701
15%
40
why was population growth relliant on agriculture
the countryside agriculture industry had to continue to support higher demands
41
due to the growth on population being relliant on agriculture, what was made necessary
imporovement of the transport system in the countryside
42
how was the countryside improved
landowners and councils began improving conditions of rivers, roads and invested in wagons
43
what was the effect of the growth of poverty
failing wages and rising prices
44
how much of the population were poor
1/3
45
what did closue of farms means for landowners with animals
meant lack of space for people to graze animals
46
what groups were the poor divided into
setteled poor and vagrant poor
47
who were the setteled poor
people established in one parish and did not move
48
how much of the population were setteled poor
1/4
49
who were the vagrant poor
people travelled to sustain themselves and were treated as criminals under law
50
how many people were arrested for vagrancy in 1630
26,000 0.5%
51
how much was price inflation up per year
4%
52
how much of the workforce in villages became servants
2/5
53
what were the benefits of the poor becoming servants
free housing, clothing and given food from their masters
54
what were the able bodied poor required to have by law
masters as they could not live independently
55
other than becoming a servant, what was the other option for the poor
migration
56
how much of each village would leave to find work
1/3 of population in each villiage
57
what type of migration was seen as the last resort
migration outside of Britain around 200,000 followed the Puritan founders to the American colonies
58
before the restoration, what act provided the basis of treatment for the poor, how long did this last
Elizabethan act of 1601 (old poor laws) lasted until 1662
59
what did the old Elizabethan poor laws state
provison should be made for the relief of those unable to work through disability and punishment for those able but did not work
60
what did the old poor laws act include
- overseers of poor become chief local officials in charge of collection of poor relief tax - overseers appointed in all parishers, responsible for deciding who would receive relief - provisions made to compel those who didnt pay the poor tax - poor could be sent to poor houses at the expense of local parishoners - begging allowed in home parishers but only to provide food
61
waht was the state relief in 1614 compared to 1650
1614 - £30,000 1650 - £188,000
62
what did Charles issue in 1631
Book of orders to all justices of peace
63
what did the book of orders 1631 include
provisions of relief for the poor and treatment of vagrants - did not differ much from 1601
64
what did the book of orders 1631 seemed to be motivated by
charles' fear of rioting and possible sympathies
65
when did direction from central government end in terms of poor relief
1642, JP's continued to keep the system going
66
what was the significance of the old poor laws 1601 before the restoration
- well enforced - people paying the tax wannted to keep order and prevent vagrancy - still a gap of provision that was filled by the church or generous individuals
67
what did payers of the poor tax feel after the restoration 1660
grudginly paid the tax and wealthier parishes began to complain of poor vagrants squatting of their common land whilst still claiming relief
68
under pressure, what did the cavlier parliament di after Cromwells death in 1658
passed a poor relief act (Act of Settlement) in 1662
69
what power did the ect of settlement give
more power to local administrators and attempted to restrict movements of individuals caliming poor relief
70
what else did the Act of Settlement offer
-settlement certificates to prove someone lived in a parish
71
what was the 40 days rule in the Act of Settlement
if a person moved to a new parish they were intitled to relief if they stayed there for 40 days if a complaint was made they could be sent back to their original parish
72
what was the significance of the Act of Settlement
'poor' was given a definition - person renting property worth less than £10 -certificates meant they could prove where they were
73
what was esstential to the Act of Settlement
having a place of settlement as they were concerned with limiting migration
74
what effects did the Act of Settlement have on vagrants and beggars
wondering from parish essentially now a criminal offence authroised arrests of vagrants and their commital to workhouse and prisions
75
what was the severe punsihment for beggars and vagrants under the Act of Settlement
transportation to English colonies for 7 years
76
how did owners of large estates benefit from the Act of Settlement and its effect on vagrants
able to demolish empty houses on their land preventing their return labourers could be hired in their place reducing ammount paid by land owners in poor relief
77
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Stuarts (5 decks)

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