Topic 3: URBAN UNREST: INCIVILITY, RIOTS AND POLITICAL PROTEST Flashcards
(39 cards)
Which of the following is NOT a principle of crowd policing associated with the Elaborated Social Identity Model?
Isolate
High levels of unemployment amongst particular groups would be most associated with which level of the ‘Flashpoints’ model (Waddington)?
Structural
Which of the following facts was NOT identified by the ‘Reading the Riots’ report (LSE/ The Guardian) as a key factor influencing the 2011 Riots?
Organised criminal gangs
Which of the below is NOT an argument put forward by PSJ Waddington about public order policing?
In a riot situation, individual police officers should have discretion to apply force as they see necessary
Which of the following is NOT a key criticism of ‘classical’ behaviour theories of crowd behaviour?
Over-emphasis on the social circumstances of the crowd
What Act provides a legal definition of a riot in the UK?
The Public Order Act 1986
According to the Public Order Act 1986, how many people need to be gathered to legally constitute a riot?
12 or more
Which classical crowd theorist saw crowds as inherently irrational and prone to ‘contagion’?
Le Bon
What does Stott et al’s Elaborated Social Identity Model argue about riots?
Explains crowd behaviour through shifts in social identities and the treatment of crowds by the police
What are the 4 principles for public order policing according to ESIM?
Educate, communicate, facilitate, differentiate
What Commission reported on the 1960s US ‘ghetto riots’?
The Kerner Commission
When was Mark Duggan shot dead by police in London?
4th August 2011
Over how many days did rioting spread in August 2011 in England, after the shooting of Mark Duggan ?
5 days
How much worth of property damage was there in the 2011 riots?
Millions of pounds
What did David Cameron describe the 2011 riots as?
Criminality, pure and simple
What did Theresa May blame was the cause of the 2011 riots?
Violent gang culture
What criticism did the Home Affairs Committee make about police numbers in 2011?
Flooding streets with police was vital but numbers were not increased quickly enough
What 2022 Act aimed to increase police powers over protests?
The Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022
What model sets out 6 factors shaping the likelihood of riots?
The Flashpoints model
What are the 6 flashpoints factors?
- Structural
- Political/ ideological
- Cultural
- Contextual
- Situational
- Interactional
Which flashpoints level refers to communication and rumor around the situation?
Contextual
Who is the key writer associated with the Flashpoints model?
D. Waddington et al
What criticism does Waddington make of the Flashpoints model?
Long lag time weakens explanatory power of the ‘flashpoint’ incident
When did the Special Patrol Group (SPG) police unit emerge in England?
Late 1960s/early 1970s
