TOPIC 4 & 5 Pharmacology Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is Pharmacokinetics?
Kin - can it get there?
The study of absorption, distribution,
metabolism and excretion of the drug (ADME)
What is Pharmacodynamics?
Dynamics - does it bind?
The study of the mechanism of action of drugs.
What are the 4 different targets of drugs?
RITE target?
- Receptors
- Ion Channels
- Transport molecules
- Enzymes
What effect does an Agonist produce?
A similar effect to the natural compound
What effect does an Antagonist produce?
No effect, or the blocking of the natural compund
What is drug Affinity?
How strongly the drug wants to interact with its receptor.
What is drug Selectivity?
The degree to which a drug “prefers” binding to one receptor over another receptor
The readiness with which a drug binds to its receptor is its:
affinity
The sub-lingual route of administration is mainly used for:
Drugs that are extensively metabolised on their first pass through the liver
The therapeutic range or therapeutic index of a drug is:
the range of concentrations between the minimum effective dose and a toxic dose of the drug
A drug which is water soluble and has a site of action of the systemic circulation would be best administered by which route?
intravenous
A component of grapefruit juice has been identified as affecting some important liver enzymes involved in drug metabolism. It is known that grapefruit juice interacts with a whole range of drug classes. When this interaction occurs, what is the most common result?
An increase in the blood levels of the drug, due to lower metabolism as a result of the grapefruit juice.
Whatis the purpose of the vasoconstrictor with a local anaesthetic?
To help numb the area by reducing the blood flow to it
A sustained stimulation of receptors on a cell by an agonist will often result in….
Give an example of this.
Downregulation of receptors.
Taking the same antihistamines continuously will reduce the effectiveness. If you switch or take a break, it may be more effective.
Drugs are absorbed best from the small intestine when they are:
small and fat soluble
Drugs are metabolised by the liver in order to make them:
a. less toxic
b. less potent
c. more water soluble
d. more fat soluble
c. more water soluble
Drugs are often bound to plasma proteins in the bloodstream. Which plasma protein would bind the greatest amount of drug?
albumin
If a drug was required to produce an immediate systemic effect, which would be the best administration route to use?
Intravenous
On which types of proteins do drugs act?
a. Transport molecules and enzymes
b. Receptors for hormones & neurotransmitters
c. Ion channels
d. All of these
d. All of these
True or false
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the absorption, distribution and fate of drugs in the body.
False
True or false
Pharmacokinetics is the study of the absorption, distribution and fate of drugs in the body.
True
True or false
Pharmacokinetics is the study of the study of the mechanism of action of drugs.
False
True or false
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the study of the mechanism of action of drugs.
True
What affects the bioavailability of an orally administered drug?
The lipid solubility of the drug.
The stability of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract.
The degree of first-pass metabolism.
