TOPICS 1-3 The Nervous System

Question 1

An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the

Answer 1

synapse

Question 2

Communication across a synapse involves the release of:

Answer 2

neurotransmitters

Question 3

In the neuron, the dendrites are the parts that:

Answer 3

receive stimuli from the environment or from other other neurons

Question 4

The Moro reflex is usually present until about:

Answer 4

4-5 months of age

Question 5

Accidentally touching the hot burner of a stove will elicit a(n) __________ reflex

Answer 5

withdrawal

Question 6

Nerves that carry impulses from the CNS are:

Answer 6

efferent nerves

Question 7

The sodium-potassium exchange pump requires what to function?:

Answer 7

ATP

Question 8

Spinal nerves are:
Sensory
Motor
Mixed
None of these

Answer 8

mixed

Question 9

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS are:

Answer 9

afferent nerves

Question 10

The membrane potential found across the membrane of all living cells is maintained by:

Answer 10

the sodium–potassium pump

Question 11

What function does myelin perform?

Answer 11

Increases the speed of impulse conduction

Question 12

A synapse is a specialised site where cell to cell _______ ___________ takes place

Answer 12

chemical communication

Question 13

The stretch reflex is important in regulating what?

Answer 13

is important in regulating posture

Question 14

The last step in the activation of a reflex arc is the:

Answer 14

response of a muscle.

Question 15

The first step in the activation of a reflex arc is the:

Answer 15

activation of a sensory receptor.

Question 16

What is the correct sequence for a simple spinal reflex arc?

Answer 16

receptor, afferent neuron, integration centre, efferent neuron, effector

Question 17

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called the:

Answer 17

axon

Question 18

The peripheral nervous system consists of the:

Answer 18

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 19

The knee jerk reflex is an example of a:
contralateral reflex;
crossed extensor reflex;
stretch reflex;
or polysynaptic reflex.

Answer 19

stretch reflex.

Question 20

Sensory neurons travelling in a cranial nerve would be part of the __________ division of the __________.

Answer 20

afferent, PNS

Question 21

The term central nervous system refers to the:

Answer 21

brain and spinal cord

Question 22

Extracellular fluid contains high concentrations of __________, while intracellular fluid contains high concentrations of __________.

Answer 22

sodium, potassium

Question 23

The simplest reflexes are organised at the level of the:
spinal cord;
cerebellum;
cerebrum;
or brain stem

Answer 23

spinal cord

Question 24

Where is the Broca’s speech area located?

Answer 24

The frontal lobe

Question 25

Where is the Wernicke’s speech area located?

Answer 25

The Temporal lobe

Question 26

An anaesthetic blocks the function of the dorsal roots of the cervical spinal nerves. Which areas of the body and functions will be affected?

Answer 26

Sensory function in the neck and shoulders

Question 27

Many medications introduced into the bloodstream cannot directly affect the neurons of the CNS because:

Answer 27

the glial cells isolate the CNS by forming a blood-brain barrier.

Question 28

A man has a stroke which severely damages the corticospinal tract on the right side of the brain above the level of the brainstem. This would result in: loss of touch sensation or muscle control on the left side or right side

Answer 28

Loss of muscle control on the left side of the body

Question 29

What is Olfactory (CN I) - Sensory: Responsible for

Answer 29

sense of smell.

Question 30

What is Optic (CN II) - Sensory: Responsible for

Answer 30

vision

Question 31

What is Oculomotor (CN III) - Motor: Responsibe for

Answer 31

Control of most eye movements and the constriction of the pupil.

Question 32

What is the Trochlear (CN IV) - Motor: Responsible for

Answer 32

Controls the superior oblique muscle of the eye.

Question 33

What is the trigeminal (CN V) - Both: Responsible for

Answer 33

Sensory for the face and motor for chewing.

Question 34

What is the Abducens (CN VI) - Motor: Responsible for

Answer 34

Controls the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.

Question 35

What is the Facial (CN VII) - Both: Responsible for

Answer 35

Controls facial expressions and taste sensation in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

Question 36

What is the Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) - Sensory: Responsible for

Answer 36

hearing and balance.

Question 37

What is the Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) - Both: Responsible for

Answer 37

Controls swallowing, taste sensation in the posterior third of the tongue, and monitors blood pressure and blood gases.

Question 38

What is the Vagus (CN X) - Both: Responsible for

Answer 38

Regulates several visceral functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.

Question 39

What is the Accessory (CN XI) - Motor: Responsible for

Answer 39

Accessory (CN XI) - Motor: Controls neck and shoulder muscles.

Question 40

What is the Hypoglossal (CN XII) - Motor: Responsible for

Answer 40

Controls movements of the tongue.

Question 41

What does Touch: Provides information about

Answer 41

Touch: Provides information about pressure, texture, and temperature. Mechanoreceptors in the skin detect touch.

Question 42

What does Pain: provide information about

Answer 42

Pain: Warns the body of potential damage. Nociceptors are sensory receptors that respond to painful stimuli.

Question 43

What does Proprioception: provide information about

Answer 43

Proprioception: Informs the brain about the body's position and movement. Proprioceptors are found in muscles, tendons, and joints.