Topic 4 Flashcards
(92 cards)
What is a species
a group of organisms with similar morphology, physiology and behaviour, which can interbreed to produce fertile offspring, and which are reproductively isolated from other species.
What is Biodiversity
The variety of plant and animal life in the world or a habitat
What is Endemism
Species in a defined geographical location and only that location
What is a Habitat
Place where an organism lives
What is a Population
Group of interbreeding species
What is a community
When there are various populations in a habitat
What is the heterozygosity index
H = number of heterozygotes /population
What are the equations used for measuring biodiversity
Heterozygosity index
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
The diversity index
What is a niche
How an organism exploits its environment and the precise role of an organism in its environment. In simple terms, an organism’s niche is where it lives and what it does there.
When are two species in competition with eachother
- If two species in a habitat that are not in competition they do not control the same niche
- If two species control the same niche they will be in competition, and the better adapted organism will win
How does adaptation link with competition
Organisms adapt to exploit niches better for a higher change to survive
There are three areas where adaptation can occur in a species what are they
Behavioural
Physiological
Anatomical
What is behavioural adoptation
How the organism acts e.g leaves growing towards the sun, feeding times
What is Physiological adoptation
Internal workings of the organism
What is Anatomical adoptation
Physical characteristics e.g fluffy bumble bees = more pollen
What is co-adoptation
Two organisms become dependent on each other
How does natural selection take place
- Naturally occurring mutation and genetic variation leads to new alleles
- Change in environment causes the selection pressure to change
- New allele becomes advantageous meaning the organism is more likely to survive and produce offspring
- Offspring is more likely to inherit this allele and it therefore becomes more common in the population
How does natural selection effect a species
Changes from random mutations occur over generations and leads to evolution (the change in allele frequency in a population over time)
What is the purpose for the hardy weinberg equation
Looks for changes in allele frequency
What is the hardy weinberg equation and why does the equation = 1
p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (always equals 1 because there is only one allele)
What do all the symbols mean in the hardy weinberg equation and what does the answer represent
P² = The frequency of homozygous dominant allele
2pq = The frequency of heterozygous alleles
q² = The frequency of homozygous recessive alleles
Answer is a percentage (%) e.g 0.7 = 70%
What is speciation
When a new species is developed and is productively isolated
What is classification and what is it based off
- Organising the variety of life based on relationships between organisms
- Based off phenotypes which can be found using DNA analysis (e.g sharks and dolphins have no relation)
- Classification is used to look at evolutionary relationship
What does Taxonomy mean
The scientific study of putting organisms into hierarchical taxa (groups)