Topic 4: Brain Rhythms and Sleep Flashcards
What does EEG stand for?
Electroencephalogram
What does MEG stand for?
Magnetoencephalography
Which frequency is associated with activated or attentive cortex?
a. Alpha: 8–13 Hz
b. Beta: 15–30 Hz
c. Theta: 4–7 Hz
d. Delta: less than 4 Hz
b. Beta: 15–30 Hz
TRUE/FALSE: MEG cannot provide as detailed images of fMRI.
TRUE: MEG cannot provide as detailed images of fMRI.
Which of the following is true regarding EEG? (Select all that apply)
a. It has found similar rhythms across mammalian species.
b. It can help diagnose neurological conditions, such as epilepsy and sleep disorders
c. It measures neuron activity
d. EEG localizes sources of neural activity better than MEG
a. It has found similar rhythms across mammalian species.
b. It can help diagnose neurological conditions, such as epilepsy and sleep disorders
c. It measures neuron activity
EEGs measure:
a. the activity of specific neurons
b. brain metabolism
c. miniscule magnetic signals generated by neural activity
d. generalized activity of cerebral cortex
d. generalized activity of cerebral cortex
- Voltage fluctuations measured (tens of microvolts)
- Electrode pairs: measure different brain regions
- Amplitude of the EEG signal a measure of synchronous activity of underlying neurons
What did Karni propose to be the functions of dreaming and REM sleep?
a. Dream functions—wish fulfillment, conquer anxieties
b. Activation–synthesis hypothesis (random firing)
c. Certain memories require strengthening time period: REM sleep.
d. To provide O2 to the cells of the eyes
c. Certain memories require strengthening time period: REM sleep.
a was Freud
b was Hobson and McCarley
Which of the following diffuse modulatory systems is fires during REM and waking?
a. Cholinergic
b. Serotoninergic
c. Noradrenergic
d. Dopaminergic
a. Cholinergic
b and c fire during waking
Which frequency is associated with a quiet, waking state?
a. Alpha: 8–13 Hz
b. Beta: 15–30 Hz
c. Theta: 4–7 Hz
d. Delta: less than 4 Hz
a. Alpha: 8–13 Hz
Compare and contrast EEG and MEG
EEG and MEG measure neuron activity.
EEG provides measurement of generalized activity of cerebral cortex
MEG is a recording of miniscule magnetic signals generated by neural activity
MEG localizes sources of neural activity better than EEG.
What does the amplitude of the EEG signal indicate?
Amplitude of the EEG signal a measure of synchronous activity of underlying neurons
Which frequency is associated with a deep sleep?
a. Alpha: 8–13 Hz
b. Beta: 15–30 Hz
c. Theta: 4–7 Hz
d. Delta: less than 4 Hz
d. Delta: less than 4 Hz
Deep sleep: high synchrony, high EEG amplitude
Nuclei that innervate lots of cells to set a synchronous rhythm are described as ______?
Pacemakers
generally in the thalamus
One hypothesis for the function of brain rhythms is sleep as brain’s way of disconnecting cortex from sensory input. What is a criticism of this hypothesis?
Sensory input can still reach cortex (e.g. loud noises, light)
What did Walter Freeman hypothesize brain rhythms did?
Binding hypothesis
Walter Freeman: Neural rhythms coordinate activity of regions of the nervous system.
– By synchronizing oscillations from different regions, brain may bind together a single perceptual construction.
A seizure consisting of less than 30 seconds of generalized 3 Hz EEG waves is described as:
a. Generalized seizure
b. Partial seizure
c. Absence seizure
d. Low-frequency seizure
c. Absence seizure
A readily reversible state of reduced responsiveness to, and interaction with, the environment is:
a. A comma
b. Rest
c. Sleep
d. Consciousness
c. Sleep
Low-voltage, fast EEG waves are indicative of:
a. Awake
b. Non-REM sleep
c. REM sleep
d. Awake and REM sleep
d. Awake and REM sleep
Logical, progressive thought is characteristic of:
a. Awake
b. Non-REM sleep
c. REM sleep
d. Awake and REM sleep
a. Awake
Muscle paralysis; movement commanded by the brain but not carried out is characteristic of:
a. Awake
b. Non-REM sleep
c. REM sleep
d. Awake and REM sleep
c. REM sleep
What do restoration theories of sleep propose its function is?
a. Sleep to keep out of trouble, hide from predators
b. Sleep to rest and recover, and prepare to be
awake again
c. Sleep to consolidate memories and to prepare for the future through different thought styles
d. Sleep to bind information from different sensory systems together without interference
b. Sleep to rest and recover, and prepare to be
awake again
a is adaptation,
c and d are made up
A seizure consisting of entire cerebral cortex, complete
behaviour disruption and consciousness loss is described as:
a. Generalized seizure
b. Partial seizure
c. Absence seizure
d. Low-frequency seizure
a. Generalized seizure
Moruzzi’s research found that lesions in midline structure of brain stem cause:
a. persistent insomnia, leading to death
b. state similar to REM sleep.
c. alpha waves
d. state similar to non-REM sleep.
d. state similar to non-REM sleep.
Lesions in lateral tegmentum do not cause non-REM
state sleep.
Logical, repetitive thought is characteristic of:
a. Awake
b. Non-REM sleep
c. REM sleep
d. Awake and REM sleep
b. Non-REM sleep