Topic 4- Cell respiration and exercise

Question 1

What does cell respiration mean?

Answer 1

Combining fuel and oxygen to produce energy.

Question 2

What does aerobic mean?

Answer 2

Using oxygen/ in the presence of oxygen.

Question 3

What is the equation for aerobic respiration in words?

Answer 3

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

Question 4

What is the equation for aerobic respiration in chemical symbols?

Answer 4

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

Question 5

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 5

The site of aerobic respiration.

Question 6

Why do mitochondria have folded inner membranes?

Answer 6

To increase surface area to volume ratio.

Question 7

What types of cell contain the greatest number of mitochondria cells? (2)

Answer 7

Retinal eye cells, heart muscle cells.

Question 8

What are the 10 stages to anaerobic excercise?

Answer 8

1. Vigorous exercise.
2. Heart and lungs cannot supply oxygen fast enough to supply demand.
3. Aerobic respiration provides less and less energy.
4. Anaerobic respiration provides energy.
5. Glucose is broken down into lactic acid.
6. Lactic acid accumulates in muscles causing fatigue.
7. Forced to stop exercise.
8. Lactic acid transported from muscles to liver.
9. Lactic acid oxidised to CO₂ and H₂O.
10. Oxygen debt has been repaid.

Question 9

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 9

glucose → lactic acid

Question 10

What sort of molecule is glycogen?

Answer 10

Chain of glucose molecules.

Question 11

Where is glycogen found?

Answer 11

Liver.

Question 12

When is glycogen made?

Answer 12

When there is excess glucose (levels are too high in blood.)

Question 13

When is glycogen used?

Answer 13

When there isn’t enough glucose during exercise.

Question 14

Which hormone promotes glycogen formation?

Answer 14

Insulin.

Question 15

What is metabolisim?

Answer 15

The sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in your body.

Question 16

What are catabolic reactions?

Answer 16

Break down large molecules into smaller ones. They are exergonic (give out energy).

Question 17

Give an example of a catabolic reaction:

Answer 17

Respiration, break down of protein, carbohydrates and lipids during digestion.

Question 18

Where are amino acids broken down and what is the fate of the waste product?

Answer 18

Amino acids are broken down in the liver. The waste is converted into urea to be excreted.

Question 19

What are anabolic reactions?

Answer 19

Synthesis reactions where larger complex molecules are formed. They require much more energy from respiration and are therefore endergonic.

Question 20

What are endergonic and exergonic reactions?

Answer 20

Endergonic requires energy from its surroundings.
Exergonic gives energy to its surroundings.

Question 21

What are examples of anabolic reactions?

Answer 21

Photosynthesis, conversion of glucose into starch, oils, proteins, cellulose and glycogen (in animals) and DNA synthesis.

Question 22

What is required to turn glucose into amino acids in plants?

Answer 22

The glucose must be joined with nitrates.

Question 23

What is required to synthesise lipids (triglycerides)?

Answer 23

One glycerol + 3 fatty acid molecules

Question 24

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants (fermentation)?

Answer 24

Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

Question 25

What is the anaerobic respiration of yeast called?

Answer 25

Alcoholic fermentation.

Question 26

How does limewater test for carbon dioxide?

Answer 26

It becomes cloudy in the presence of carbon dioxide.

Question 27

Define respiration.

Answer 27

A biochemical reaction that breaks down glucose to provide energy.

Question 28

What properties does something need to be considered alive?

Answer 28

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity

Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 29

What is metabolism?

Answer 29

The sum of all the chemical reactions that go on inside an organism’s body.