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Topic 3 and 4 Equine > Topic 4 diseases of the stomach > Flashcards

Topic 4 diseases of the stomach Flashcards

1
Q

In EGUS, prevalence of performance horse is 25 to 51% while in foals is 40 to 93%. T or F

A

F. baliktad

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2
Q

4.5% is the prevalence of duodenal ulcers in foals. t or f

A

t

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3
Q

80% of ewuine uclers occur in squamous glandular tissue. t or f

A

F. nonglandular dapat

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4
Q

Feeding management is one of the risk factors in EGUS. There is a low prevalence of ulcers in horses with regulated feeding than horses at pasture. T or F.

A

F. baliktad

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5
Q

when horses continue grazing, they secrete hypochloric acid. t or f

A

t

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6
Q

Gastric acidity is high in a full stomach. T or F

A

F. empty

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7
Q

days needed in intermittent feeding?

A

day 0, 48, 96

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8
Q

Lesions prevented by what meds?

A

Lesions prevented by ranitidine (Zantac)

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9
Q

Lesions prevented by what meds?

A

Lesions prevented by ranitidine (Zantac)

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10
Q

Lesions form in squamous mucosa
No lesions form in glandular mucosa

T or f

A

T

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11
Q

Lesions form in squamous mucosa
No lesions form in glandular mucosa

T or f

A

T

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12
Q

Risk of grain feeding?

A

fermentation of grain by resident bacteria and production of by products
Lactobacillus isolated

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13
Q

Risk of racing?

A

Intensive exercise
Reduced blood flow to the stomach lining
Increased gastric acidity
Altered eating behaviour

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14
Q

Exercise - blood goes to muscle
RelaXed - blood goes to GIT

T or F?

A

T

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15
Q

most acids are forced into the proximal stomach. t or f

A

T

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16
Q

2 types of stress and its risks

A

Risk factors: Stress
Physical stress
Illness
Painful musculoskeletal disorder
Endometritis?
Behavioral stress
Stall confinement
Transport
Balance itself during transport
Unfamiliar environment, social regrouping

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17
Q

why are NSAIDs one of the risk factors?

A

Local irritation
Inhibit COX1&raquo_space; inhibits prostaglandins, interrupting mucosal blood flow and mucus
Associated With ulcers throuGhout the Intestinal tract (Cecum/colon)

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18
Q

what are the clinical signs of EGUS is horses?

A

Poor appetite
Poor body condition
Attitude changes
Decrease in performance
Mild to moderate colic

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19
Q

what are the Clinical Signs of EGUS in Foals

A

Poor appetite or intermittent nursing
Colic
Poor body condition
Frequently lies on back
Bruxism - grinding of teeth
Ptyalism - excessive salivation
Diarrhea

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20
Q

in diagnosing EGUS, Clinical signs are suggestive of but not specific for egus. T or f

A

T

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21
Q

in diagnosing EGUS, Gastric endoscopy is only definitive diagnostic tool. t or f

A

T

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22
Q

what are the Endoscope quality and dimensions in endoscopic examinations?

A

9ft long
Small diamtere
Bend in 2 dimensions
Up and down
Left and right

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23
Q

pyloric sphincter should be visible in patient prep of endoscopic exams. t or f

A

T

24
Q

enumerate the grades of lesions:

A

Grade 0 - epithelium intact; no hyperemia (reddening) or hyperkeratosis (yellow appearance of squamous mucosa
Grade 1- Mucosa intact, areas of reddening or hyperkeratosis
Grade 2 - small, single or multifocal lesions_
Grade 3 - large, single or multifocal lesions or extensive superficial lesions
Grade 4 - extensive lesions w/ areas of apparent deep ulceration

25
Q

key words in grading lesions:

A

Grade 1 red text: hyperkeratosis
Grade 2 : small
Grade 3 : large
Grade 4: deep ulceration

26
Q

t or f: Fecal Occult Blood Test: Guaiac Test is not very diagnostic.

A

T

27
Q

Treatment of EGUS give 4

A

Eliminate clinical signs
Promote healing
Prevent complications
Prevent recurrences

28
Q

Two Approaches to Treatment of egus

A

Management modifications
Medical therapy approaches that have been use
Control gastric acid
Mucosal protectants

29
Q

traditional Management Modification of egus

A

Diet modification
Limit periods of fasting
Increase roughage
Reduce the grain portion of diet

30
Q

T or f: Roughage should be provided throughout day and night

A

T

31
Q

t or f: Concentrates should be fed in small amounts, distributed in at least 2 feedings throughout day

A

F. 3

32
Q

t or f: Concentrates should not exceed 0.5 kg of grain per 100 kg body weight

A

T

33
Q

____ is a protective factor for stomach lining included in rice bran

A

phospholipids

33
Q

____ is a protective factor for stomach lining included in rice bran

A

phospholipids

34
Q

3 med mgt of egus

A

neutralizing agents
antisecretory agents
others: antibiotics, neutriceutcals (antibiotics not commonly used in horses)

35
Q

in treating ulcers, Antacids neutralize HCl and Sucralfate acts on glandular portion only, t or f

A

t

36
Q

example of Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists

A

Zantax (ranitidine) tagamet (cimetidine)
Ranitidine

37
Q

sucralfate is best for glandular mucosal lesions and duodenum
t or f

A

T bec Adheres to ulcerated mucosa; stimulates mucus secretion and enhances PGE synthesis

38
Q

H. pylori has been associated with the stomach of horses, especially in EGUS

A

F. not in egus

39
Q

Duodenal Ulcers/Strictures. are more common inn adult horses. t or f

A

F. foals more common

40
Q

Duodenal Ulcers/Strictures. are more common inn adult horses. t or f

A

F. foals more common

41
Q

used as a contrast media to see small int.

A

Barium sulfate

42
Q

used as a contrast media to see small int.

A

Barium sulfate

43
Q

tx for duodenal ulcers/strictures

A

Omeprazole (4 mg/kg, PO, Q24h, 28 days)
Omeprazole (0.5 mg/kg, IV, Q24h)
Ranitidine (6.6 mg/kg, PO, Q8h)

44
Q

surgery for duodenal strctures

A

Gastrojejunostomy
Side to side anastomosis
use of magnets

45
Q

spec. technique for duodenal ulcers surgery

A

natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)

46
Q

Gastric Neoplasia are common in older horses. T or f

A

F. uncommonn

47
Q

most common form of gastric neoplasia

A

Squamous cell carcinoma,

48
Q

clinical signs of gastric neoplasia

A

Chronic weight loss
Anemia
Naso-gastric reflux
colic

49
Q

clinical signs of gastric neoplasia

A

Chronic weight loss
Anemia
Naso-gastric reflux
colic

50
Q

diagnosis of gastric neoplasia

A

Clinical signs
Endoscopy
Neoplastic masses in the stomach
Abdominal ultz
Necropsy

51
Q

tthere are tx for gastric neoplasia. t or f

A

f. none. prognosis is grave

52
Q

Gastric Impaction is frequent cause of Colic in horses. t or f

A

f. infrequent

53
Q

occurs when there is a decreased water intake

A

gastric impaction

54
Q

sx. for gastric impactions

A

Exploratory laparotomy
Remove impacted feeds in the stomach
Tx with dioctyl sodium succinate (DSS): a surfactant
5% solution via NG tube in 4-6 L fluid

Topic 3 and 4 Equine (2 decks)

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