Topic 4 diseases of the stomach

Question 1

In EGUS, prevalence of performance horse is 25 to 51% while in foals is 40 to 93%. T or F

Answer 1

F. baliktad

Question 2

4.5% is the prevalence of duodenal ulcers in foals. t or f

Answer 2

t

Question 3

80% of ewuine uclers occur in squamous glandular tissue. t or f

Answer 3

F. nonglandular dapat

Question 4

Feeding management is one of the risk factors in EGUS. There is a low prevalence of ulcers in horses with regulated feeding than horses at pasture. T or F.

Answer 4

F. baliktad

Question 5

when horses continue grazing, they secrete hypochloric acid. t or f

Answer 5

t

Question 6

Gastric acidity is high in a full stomach. T or F

Answer 6

F. empty

Question 7

days needed in intermittent feeding?

Answer 7

day 0, 48, 96

Question 8

Lesions prevented by what meds?

Answer 8

Lesions prevented by ranitidine (Zantac)

Question 9

Lesions prevented by what meds?

Answer 9

Lesions prevented by ranitidine (Zantac)

Question 10

Lesions form in squamous mucosa
No lesions form in glandular mucosa

T or f

Answer 10

T

Question 11

Lesions form in squamous mucosa
No lesions form in glandular mucosa

T or f

Answer 11

T

Question 12

Risk of grain feeding?

Answer 12

fermentation of grain by resident bacteria and production of by products
Lactobacillus isolated

Question 13

Risk of racing?

Answer 13

Intensive exercise
Reduced blood flow to the stomach lining
Increased gastric acidity
Altered eating behaviour

Question 14

Exercise - blood goes to muscle
RelaXed - blood goes to GIT

T or F?

Answer 14

T

Question 15

most acids are forced into the proximal stomach. t or f

Answer 15

T

Question 16

2 types of stress and its risks

Answer 16

Risk factors: Stress
Physical stress
Illness
Painful musculoskeletal disorder
Endometritis?
Behavioral stress
Stall confinement
Transport
Balance itself during transport
Unfamiliar environment, social regrouping

Question 17

why are NSAIDs one of the risk factors?

Answer 17

Local irritation
Inhibit COX1&raquo_space; inhibits prostaglandins, interrupting mucosal blood flow and mucus
Associated With ulcers throuGhout the Intestinal tract (Cecum/colon)

Question 18

what are the clinical signs of EGUS is horses?

Answer 18

Poor appetite
Poor body condition
Attitude changes
Decrease in performance
Mild to moderate colic

Question 19

what are the Clinical Signs of EGUS in Foals

Answer 19

Poor appetite or intermittent nursing
Colic
Poor body condition
Frequently lies on back
Bruxism - grinding of teeth
Ptyalism - excessive salivation
Diarrhea

Question 20

in diagnosing EGUS, Clinical signs are suggestive of but not specific for egus. T or f

Answer 20

T

Question 21

in diagnosing EGUS, Gastric endoscopy is only definitive diagnostic tool. t or f

Answer 21

T

Question 22

what are the Endoscope quality and dimensions in endoscopic examinations?

Answer 22

9ft long
Small diamtere
Bend in 2 dimensions
Up and down
Left and right

Question 23

pyloric sphincter should be visible in patient prep of endoscopic exams. t or f

Answer 23

T

Question 24

enumerate the grades of lesions:

Answer 24

Grade 0 - epithelium intact; no hyperemia (reddening) or hyperkeratosis (yellow appearance of squamous mucosa
Grade 1- Mucosa intact, areas of reddening or hyperkeratosis
Grade 2 - small, single or multifocal lesions_
Grade 3 - large, single or multifocal lesions or extensive superficial lesions
Grade 4 - extensive lesions w/ areas of apparent deep ulceration

Question 25

key words in grading lesions:

Answer 25

Grade 1 red text: hyperkeratosis Grade 2 : small Grade 3 : large Grade 4: deep ulceration

Question 26

t or f: Fecal Occult Blood Test: Guaiac Test is not very diagnostic.

Answer 26

T

Question 27

Treatment of EGUS give 4

Answer 27

Eliminate clinical signs Promote healing Prevent complications Prevent recurrences

Question 28

Two Approaches to Treatment of egus

Answer 28

Management modifications Medical therapy approaches that have been use Control gastric acid Mucosal protectants

Question 29

traditional Management Modification of egus

Answer 29

Diet modification Limit periods of fasting Increase roughage Reduce the grain portion of diet

Question 30

T or f: Roughage should be provided throughout day and night

Answer 30

T

Question 31

t or f: Concentrates should be fed in small amounts, distributed in at least 2 feedings throughout day

Answer 31

F. 3

Question 32

t or f: Concentrates should not exceed 0.5 kg of grain per 100 kg body weight

Answer 32

T

Question 33

____ is a protective factor for stomach lining included in rice bran

Answer 33

phospholipids

Question 33

____ is a protective factor for stomach lining included in rice bran

Answer 33

phospholipids

Question 34

3 med mgt of egus

Answer 34

neutralizing agents antisecretory agents others: antibiotics, neutriceutcals (antibiotics not commonly used in horses)

Question 35

in treating ulcers, Antacids neutralize HCl and Sucralfate acts on glandular portion only, t or f

Answer 35

t

Question 36

example of Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists

Answer 36

Zantax (ranitidine) tagamet (cimetidine) Ranitidine

Question 37

sucralfate is best for glandular mucosal lesions and duodenum t or f

Answer 37

T bec Adheres to ulcerated mucosa; stimulates mucus secretion and enhances PGE synthesis

Question 38

H. pylori has been associated with the stomach of horses, especially in EGUS

Answer 38

F. not in egus

Question 39

Duodenal Ulcers/Strictures. are more common inn adult horses. t or f

Answer 39

F. foals more common

Question 40

Duodenal Ulcers/Strictures. are more common inn adult horses. t or f

Answer 40

F. foals more common

Question 41

used as a contrast media to see small int.

Answer 41

Barium sulfate

Question 42

used as a contrast media to see small int.

Answer 42

Barium sulfate

Question 43

tx for duodenal ulcers/strictures

Answer 43

Omeprazole (4 mg/kg, PO, Q24h, 28 days) Omeprazole (0.5 mg/kg, IV, Q24h) Ranitidine (6.6 mg/kg, PO, Q8h)

Question 44

surgery for duodenal strctures

Answer 44

Gastrojejunostomy Side to side anastomosis use of magnets

Question 45

spec. technique for duodenal ulcers surgery

Answer 45

natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)

Question 46

Gastric Neoplasia are common in older horses. T or f

Answer 46

F. uncommonn

Question 47

most common form of gastric neoplasia

Answer 47

Squamous cell carcinoma,

Question 48

clinical signs of gastric neoplasia

Answer 48

Chronic weight loss Anemia Naso-gastric reflux colic

Question 49

clinical signs of gastric neoplasia

Answer 49

Chronic weight loss Anemia Naso-gastric reflux colic

Question 50

diagnosis of gastric neoplasia

Answer 50

Clinical signs Endoscopy Neoplastic masses in the stomach Abdominal ultz Necropsy

Question 51

tthere are tx for gastric neoplasia. t or f

Answer 51

f. none. prognosis is grave

Question 52

Gastric Impaction is frequent cause of Colic in horses. t or f

Answer 52

f. infrequent

Question 53

occurs when there is a decreased water intake

Answer 53

gastric impaction

Question 54

sx. for gastric impactions

Answer 54

Exploratory laparotomy Remove impacted feeds in the stomach Tx with dioctyl sodium succinate (DSS): a surfactant 5% solution via NG tube in 4-6 L fluid